GEORGE TAMARO: Emergency sandbagging on September 12th prevented water from progressing beyond the Exchange Place station. Water was pumped from behind the sandbag dike up to the street level and then discharged into the river. The long-term solution was to build a concrete bulkhead within both tunnels to prevent water from filling the system in the event of a catastrophic flood. The bulkhead plug had a large pipe down near the base that would permit workers to slip through and inspect the tunnel on the other side.
