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Ask "Botany of Desire" Producer Michael Schwarz
We talk about food a lot around here, but being PBS, we also learn about the science and history behind it. This week PBS will air a film based on Michael Pollan’s “The Botany of Desire” that explores four of the most important plants in human history. The film measures their success by their ability to meet our desires for sweetness, beauty, intoxication, and control.
We are delighted to have Michael Schwarz here this week to take your questions about his latest work, “The Botany of Desire.” Find out when the film airs on your local station then watch bonus video clips to get ready for the film. Trust me, you won’t look at an apple the same way again.
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Why can't I post this on twitter? And yes I am following you.
Ask your questions here, on Twitter or on Facebook
Hi Marysia,
Please feel free to ask your questions for Michael Schwarz here, on Twitter, or on our Facebook Fan Page. We are thrilled to hear from you wherever you are.
@pbs
http://www.facebook.com/pbs
Amy Baroch
PBS Engage, Sr. Project Manager
@amybaroch
I really thank to one who
I really thank to one who wrote this article. I have always been reading and writing texts like this in blogs. Also, I, as a daily writer, present my respects to everyone. I just watched videos like this in youtube. I research in all areas.
I think people must first research before writing..
Thank constraint article
Thank constraint article says. Opinions about this article that read my writing when I see fit. I watched it first before youtube. Later I joined the facebook group. I wish to continue this kind of writing.
Good day.
pollination
Can you please talk about the pollination of these plants? Are these 4 essential plants tied to the honeybee? What can we do to insure their pollination if the bee disappears (hopefully not)?
PCQxa
It's been estimated that without pollination by bees, over 100,000 species of flowers would disappear.
Which bees?
Current concerns about bee populations mostly involve the European honey bee, Apis mellifera, which is, as the name suggests, a European--but also African & Asian--species. In the New World, no plant species were historically dependent on Apis mellifera for pollination, since Apis mellifera wasn't here prior to European arrival!
In Europe, Apis mellifera is part of the native pollinator assemblage, but is just one pollinator among many. Odds are, its absence wouldn't have any particular importance for most native or naturalized plant species. The importance of Apis mellifera to us derives simply from the amenability of the species to a semi-domesticated life. It pollinates many crops simply because it is easy for us to establish colonies of Apis mellifera, but more difficult to do so for other bee species.
On the other hand, if we're talking about all bees--there is not, so far as I am aware, any particular reason to believe that bees as a whole are in danger at this point. The disappearance of all bees would surely have significant effects on the populations of various insect-pollinated plants, but a prediction of 100,000 species becoming extinct strikes me as alarmist and highly improbable.
Oh, and regarding the
Oh, and regarding the specific plants discussed in the show:
Tulips: not sure if Apis mellifera is involved in their pollination off the top of my head.
Apples: pollinated, at least in part, by Apis mellifera; and apples do natively occur in the native range of Apis mellifera.
Marijuana: wind-pollinated, no bees involved.
Potatoes: pollinated, at least in part, by bees; however, Apis mellifera is not native in South America where potatoes originated.
re: Bees
"but a prediction of 100,000 species becoming extinct strikes me as alarmist and highly improbable."
I wouldn't say alarmist, merely hypothetical. Reverse the statement and it says that over a hundred thousand species of flowers are dependent on bees for pollination. If one (hypothetically) suddenly removed every bee from the world, these flowers would be left without pollinators, would be unable to set seed, and would eventually die off. Now nature is quite adaptive so it's likely some would develop other methods of pollination and some might become dependent on other species such as hoverflies for example, but nature doesn't work in straight lines. It's really impossible to say exactly what would happen.
re: Bees
"I wouldn't say alarmist, merely hypothetical."
Alarmism generally is hypothetical; but the word "alarmism" seems more fitting when a dire but unlikely scenario is linked to a dire but unlikely consequence.
"Reverse the statement and it says that over a hundred thousand species of flowers are dependent on bees for pollination."
This does not seem any more credible to me reversed than un-reversed. Bees are just one group of pollinators among many and most bee-pollinated species are not terribly specific, but are already pollinated by some assemblage of hoverflies, bee-flies, gnats, wasps, butterflies, moths, or beetles in addition to the bees.
Polyculture
This documentary on the merits of polyculture and humans becoming more literate about our relationships with plants and their relationships with us was an extraordinary production of Michael Pollan's thesis. I look forward to more.
New Leaf Potatoes
Greetings:
My wife and I just watched 'The Biology of Desire', and we both learned many new things from the show! Our thanks for that. One thing I was surprised about, with regard to Monsanto's 'New Leaf' potato, is that you didn't mention Dr. Arpad Pusztai. Very basically, Dr. Pusztai was a researcher at an institute at the University of Edinburgh. When Monsanto developed their New Leaf potato he developed an experiment to feed these potatoes to juvenile rats, and regular potatoes to a control group of rats. The rats fed the genetically modified potatoes developed a host of problems, including underdeveloped hearts, livers and other organs. Dr. Pusztai wrote a couple of papers on his findings and agreed to give two interviews on the BBC. Within 48 hours of giving the interviews he was fired, his staff was fired, his lab was locked down, his files were confiscated and his wife was fired from her position on a university committee. He had no choice but to resort to the internet, and his page is now at: http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/a.pusztai/
If you're planning to do any other program on genetically modified foods, a Google search on Dr. Pusztai, or an interview with him would be highly recommended. There are only four basic proteins that make up a DNA strand, but the combinations of those proteins are what make life what it is. We can't go around cutting and pasting genes willy nilly from one species to another without expecting some consequences.
Mike.
Get your story straight
First of all, Dr. Pusztai did not use the 'new leaf' potato as you claim. The variety of potato used was never grown for human consumption. Second of all, the original study by Dr. Pusztai was flawed (too few animals and inadequate controls) and no firm conclusions could be made about the connection between genetic modification and the rats' health. More experiments need to be done to establish any connections (if any) between the engineered potato and rat health.
Please see the original publications on this study. AFter that, post correct information and quit believing everything you read on the internet.
Ewen and Pusztai. 1999. Effect of diets containing genetically modified potato expressing galanthus nivalis lectin on rat small intestine. Lancet 354: 1353-54
Kuiper et al. 1999 Adequacy of methods for testing the safety of genetically modified foods. Lancet 354: 1315-16
R. Society. 1999. Review of data on possible toxicity of GM potatos, May 18. http://royalsociety.org/displaypagedoc.asp?id=6170
Jon
My grandmother was a very
My grandmother was a very wise woman with a Grade 5 education, and one of her sayings was 'No matter how thin the paper there are two sides to every page'. It is true that Dr. Pusztai has twice been villified by the Royal Society; it's also true that his research has been successfully reviewed and repeated by others. They were not 'New Leaf' potatoes (my apologies for that),but they were intended for commercial use. Some links:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_Pusztai
http://www.sirc.org/news/pusztai_published.html
http://www.psrast.org/pusztai.htm
http://www.actionbioscience.org/biotech/pusztai.html
http://gmopundit2.blogspot.com/2006/02/analysis-of-pusztai-study-on-gm.html
http://www.healthcoalition.ca/pusztai.html
http://www.mindfully.org/GE/Arpad-Pusztai-Potato.htm
The sad undercurrent to this story is that at least 'some' of the world's research today seems to be biased based on who's paying for the results. When a multinational chemical company invests say $12M to build a new wing for a university it would be nice but is probably naive to think they were doing so altruistically.
Mike.
pesticides
Why is the fact that we are using low wage immigrant labor considered as part of the economic element of agriculture. Pesticides harm their health? Please interview them next time and expose the atrocities of the effects of pesticides on workers. Kudos for at least showing these workers but that is not saying much.
Plagiarism
I so despise when some author claims or presents their findings as if they themselves were the originator of some great idea or unique concept (it having happened to me many times during my life).
I was looking forward to watching this show, until I heard the very first opening lines.
The authors of this show did NOT discover the idea of plants controlling animals. In fact this (as far as I know) was first proposed by Terrence McKenna in his book "Food of the Gods" 1992. I have been telling people about this unique way of looking at the world ever since reading it in his book. That we are being evolved by plants to do their bidding, not the other way around.
I just wanted to let people know, that the authors of this program are not the unique creative thinkers they are representing themselves to be. This concept has been around for a long time. No doubt they read Terrence McKenna's book long ago and thought they could make a dollar off of that idea today.
I'm appalled that PBS didn't do more checking into this, and at least would have made references to the originator of this concept. Rather than let the authors of this program try to take credit for an idea that they did not originate.
Don't give me the song and dance about how people can independently make discoveries. Because McKenna's book also addresses drugs (primarily), vegetables, flowers, etc. We have, in effect, a video presentation of Terrence McKenna's book. Nothing more, nothing less.
By no means is the idea
By no means is the idea unique with McKenna, either! For instance, Darwin was studying how orchids manipulate insects into pollinating them (sometimes with no reward whatsoever for the insect) back in the 1850's, and he was certainly not the first to be aware that plants are manipulating their pollinators to serve the plants' ends. Awareness of at least some instances of the basic phenomenon is very old; but this hardly means the topic has been exhausted or is no longer worth pursuing.
So naive....
It is so depressing to see an alleged intelligent organization broadcast such a sophomoric, incomplete, technically-deficient feel-good piece. A student effort would be sent back to the originator as being devoid of adequate factual information to warrant sharing with the public. The producer did not do his homework nor did he seek professional assistance to assure that his product was minimally accurate.
Hot potato
I thoroughly enjoyed The Botany of Desire, both the show and the book, swipes above notwithstanding. So what if Pollan was not the first to have this idea? I will follow up by reading Mckenna's book, but I doubt this qualifies as "plagiarism".
I'm an ardent follower of Michael Pollan's work and appreciate his efforts to raise our awareness of how we relate to the world around us.
In the book, the chapter on the potato was far more explicit about the use (and overuse) of pesticides and fertilizers and their disastrous downstream consequences. I thought the show strayed from the book significantly here and missed an important point that is certainly germane, albeit a "hot potato". I imagine the producers rightly did not consider the show to be a political forum, thus the softball interviews with the commercial growers who claimed to "only spray when we need to..."
Good coverage of of the success of the organic farmer helped to balance this, but I thought the point could have been made more clearly, without sacrifice.
It was following that thread (the dangers of monoculture) that lead Pollan to write The Omnivore's Dilemma, and more, I hope PBS takes advantage of the segue and produces more fine shows based on Michael Pollan's work to help us, as a society, learn from our mistakes. Sustainability, certainly, is today's hot potato.
Thanks for a great show.
Peter
Pollan versus McKenna
Look at the type of writing and the intention of the two books. Pollan is a journalist and his intent is to raise awareness of the the dangers of monoculture and genetic engineering. He wrote his book 10 years after McKenna's. McKenna, from what you are saying, was more interested in the idea that plants are active participants in evolution. It sounds like a good book! I agree that McKenna should have been acknowledged, but after ten years his thesis has passed into the general body of knowledge in the fast world of science journalism.
Botany of Desire web video broken
Not sure who to send this to?
Is there a way you can fix the "Botany of Desire" video on the site? There's something wrong with it, the worst part is you can't seek, which is major pain for a video this length. (miss a part & you have to start all over) You can tell it's messed up by the "time left", it says it's over 9 hours long! This is the only video on the site with this problem...It should be a simple fix.
Thanks
Potato
Who didn't read their Irish history when they wrote about the famine?
1. The Irish were forced off their own land by anti-Catholic laws, then forced to pay rent to live on a small part of their former land. They had to grow grain for the rent, which they were not allowed to eat--ever. They were given a tiny plot on which to grow potatoes.
2. 2 million Irish died in the famine, which lasted five years. Another million and a half emigrated.
Evolution of sex
For the most part I found Botany of Desire enjoyable and appropriate for the intended audience. It is not a one-sided rant, nor a highly-technical research article, nor a wholly new conception sprung full-formed from the brow of its creator, but I can hold none of these against it. It is, for the most part, an entertaining and informative introduction to some plant/human interactions that is entirely appropriate for the intended non-specialist audience. So, for what it is, I think it succeeds quite well, but of course it is not all things to all people.
However, as a botanist, there is one factual error that to me is glaring and quite unfortunate. In the vicinity of 36-37 minutes into the show, Pollan explains the key innovation of angiosperms as being *sex*. This is not the case. All major lineages of plants, from mosses to ferns to conifers to angiosperms, have sexual reproduction, at least in the majority of cases. Asexual species exist in most plant ineages, but are no more prevalent among the various non-flowering plants than in flowering plants. This error should really have been caught in editing at some point; I would have hoped a show about botany would have sought the editorial assistance of botanists familiar with at least the very basic aspects of plant life cycles! It is particularly ironic since the key innovations of angiosperms were features that promote co-evolution with animals: flowers and fruits! The truth fits Pollan's conceptual framework far better than does the error that was presented.
does any one know how to
does any one know how to spell the name of the naturally ocuring drug that they say shares the thc receptors?
WEED
No, I'm not sure but I watched that program and thought it was great. Please let me know if you find out. Thanks!
Natural Drug
On NPR this morning (in AK) there was a show talking about humans as runners and the brain chemiclas released during exercise. A newly discovered one, "endocannabinoid", caught my ear as I too wondered after watching The Botany of Desire.
This show made reference to
This show made reference to thc & pain reduction. It offered proof that marijuana use helps patients who suffer from (chronic)pain.
I personally know this is true. Although I never knew why. When discussing this with my doctor (who is progressive) I informed that smoking (or ingesting) marijuana helps me to forget about the pain I constantly suffer and therefore helps me to limit use of opiate based pain medications.
The show refered to studies done (by an israelli doctor & others)that confirm this truth. Can you please provide me with links to these studies so that I can give them to my doctor? Thank-you.
Stephen
mendel
I hope the show talks about Mendel's research. This is an important example of how we have learnt from domestic plants. It laid the foundation of genetics, on which so much is riding today.
A better treatment of learning disorders
Ritalin which I started using when I stopped marijuana because of marijuanas illegal status before I married My wife who was an M.D., and before I started medical school. My GPA on Ritalin was significantly lower but laws punish those who break them so if I wanted to become a doctor I had to stop marijuana. Note looking back, as of today it is clear that my quality life has been significantly reduced since I stopped marijuana and started Ritalin. Dr. Hide, Matiscaal