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From Swastika to Jim Crow

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Famous Refugees

Like the German refugee scholars, many Europeans were exiled from their homes, or fled in protest of fascism.

Here's a partial list culled from U.S. Holocaust Museum's permanent exhibition entitled "To Safety."



Beckmann self-portrait
Max Beckmann, artist

Bruno Bettelheim, psychologist

Bertolt Brecht, playwright

Andre Breton, poet

Heinrich Bruning, German chancellor 1930-1932

Chagall painting
Marc Chagall, painter

Marlene Dietrich
Marlene Dietrich, actress

Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein, physicist


Metropolis poster
Fritz Lang, film director

Max Ernst, artist

Enrico Fermi, physicist

Erich Fromm,
psychoanalyst

Otto Klemperer, conductor

Lotte Lenya
Lotte Lenya, singer

Claude Levi-Strauss, anthropologist

Jacques Lipschitz sculpture
Jacques Lipschitz, sculptor

Fritz Mahler, composer

Thomas Mann, writer

Herbert Marcuse, philosopher

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, architect

Max Reinhardt
Max Reinhardt, theater director

Nelly Sachs, Nobel Prize-winning poet

Igor Stravinsky
Igor Stravinsky, composer

Arturo Toscanini, conductor

Kurt Weill, composer


Billy Wilder
Billy Wilder, film director

Credits:
Max Beckmann, Self-Portrait (1919), Courtesy of The Minneapolis Institute of Arts ©2000 Artists Right Society (ARS), NY

Marc Chagall, Moses and the Ten Commandments, from the Story of Exodus (1966), Courtesy of Meyerovich Gallery, Copyright ©2000 The ArtNet Worldwide Corporation

Jacques Lipschitz, Seated Bather (1924), Courtesy of University of Pennsylvania Library



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