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How do underwater explorers do their work? After all, most of the ships they seek to investigate lie hundreds, if not thousands of feet under the sea. Robert Ballard's research has relied primarily on two remotely-operated vehicle (ROV) systems: Jason/Medea, and ARGO-II.
Jason/Medea
Jason/Medea is a dual vehicle ROV system, with Medea serving as a wide area survey vehicle linked to Jason that functions as a precision multi-sensory imaging and sampling platform. Both Medea and Jason are designed to operate to a maximum depth of 6,000 m; they can be operated from a variety of research or commercial vessels. Jason is connected to Medea by a neutrally buoyant cable 15 mm (0.60") in diameter and approximately 100 meters long. Like the tow cable, it also uses three copper conductors and three single mode optical fibers, but uses Spectra fibers to provide strength while reducing size and weight. The cable has a working strength that will support a 1,300 kg load (3,000 lb.) and the breaking strength corresponds to a 5,400 kg load (12,000 lb.). Medea weighs 800 pounds in water and is maneuvered by controlling the surface ship's position within a
dynamic positioning reference frame.
Jason is designed for detailed survey and sampling tasks that require a high degree of maneuverability. It weighs about 1,000 kg in air, and is neutrally buoyant at depth. The vehicle is equipped with seven brushless D.C. thrusters designed to provide a force in any of the Jason's axes. Both Medea and Jason have been designed to be superior real time optical imaging platforms with high quality cameras and lighting. The vehicles work together to provide lighting for each other in a fashion not commonly available in other submersible systems. Medea is configured with a 1-chip color camera and a silicon intensified target (SIT) black & white camera for terrain identification and visual location of Jason when both are operating.
ARGO-II
ARGO-II is a near-bottom towed vehicle (towed at altitudes of ~3-15 m above the seafloor) designed to operate to depths of 6,000 m, utilizing a fiber optic tether to downlink power and controls to various subsystems and data sensors and uplink digital
data in both image format and as data-streams.
Jason Specifications
GENERAL |
Depth Capability | 6,000 meters |
Umbilical | 35 meters, 18 mm diameter, neutrally buoyant |
Size | 2.2m (L), 1.2m (H), 1.1m (W) |
Weight | 2,000 kg in air (approx.) |
Maximum Speed | 1.0 knot forward, 0.5 knot lateral, 1 knot vertical |
IMAGING |
Video | Two surface-selectable channels from the following:
- One single-CCD-chip color
- One three-CCD-chip color
- One single-CCD-chip black and white, aft looking |
Still Camera | 35mm, 400 frames with either 16mm or 28mm lens |
Electronic Camera | Marquest Model 9100 camera |
Lighting | One 200 watt-second strobe One 300 or 600 watt-second strobe Three 250 watt incandescent lamps Two 400 watt HMI lights |
*Other cameras available upon request -- contact DSG* |
STANDARD SENSORS AND EQUIPMENT |
Attitude | Two-axis clinometer, 0.1 degree resolution |
Heading | Flux-gate compass, 0.1 degree resolution Gimballed gyro, 0.1 degree resolution |
Pressure Depth | Bulk semiconductor strain gauge, <1 m resolution |
Altitude | 120 kHz updating at 2 Hz, 33 meters range, 0.1 m resolution |
Navigation | Long base line responder or relay transmitter/receiver
7-12 kHz vehicle powered or battery operated for emergency
location |
Manipulator | One 6 degree of freedom electric powered, maximum lift of 15 kg at .5 meters |
Propulsion | Seven brushless DC thrusters providing the following thrust:
- fore 260N (120 lbf)
- aft
- lateral 200N (45 lbf)
- vertical 300N (135 lbf) |
Sonar | SImagenex 855 scanning sonar with forward imaging or profiling head avaialble |
SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT SUPPORT |
Analog | A/D capability available |
Digital | Six RS-232 (422 available) 9.6 kbaud bidirectional data channels
Higher speed links available |
Power | Five 500 watt 120 vdc fused outputs |
Video | One additional input
One 6 Mhz with 0-20,000 kHz audio, one 8 Mhz no audio |
Payload | 50 kg |
Medea Specifications
GENERAL |
Depth Capability | 6,000 meters |
Umbilical | 8,000 meters of 17 mm steel armored electro-optical cable based on UNOLS standard; 18,000 kg maximum load |
Size | 2.3 m (L), 1.5 m (H), 1 m (W) |
Weight | 310 kg in air (approx.) |
Maximum Tow Speed | 1 knot |
IMAGING |
Video Cameras | One surface selectable channel from the following cameras:
- One single CCD chip color
- One Silicon Intensified Target (SIT) black and white |
Still Cameras | 35 mm, 400 frames with either 16 mm or 28 mm lens |
Lighting | Two 200 watt second strobes
Four 250 watt incandescent lamps |
STANDARD SENSORS |
Heading | Flux-gate compass, 0.1 degree resolution |
Pressure Depth | Bulk semiconductor strain gauge, <1 m resolution |
Altitude | 120 kHz updating at 1 Hz, 300 meter range, ~1 meter resolution |
Navigation | Long baseline responder or relay transmitter/receiver
7-12 kHz vehicle powered or battery operated for emergency
location |
SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTATION SUPPORT |
Analog | A/D capability available |
Digital | One RS-232 (422 available) 9.6 kbaud bidirectional data channel |
Power | One 500 watt, 120 vdc fused output |
ARGO-II Specifications
GENERAL |
Depth Capability | 6,000 meters |
Umbilical | 9,000 meters of 17 mm steel armored electro-optical based on UNOLS standard; 18,000 kg maximum load |
Size | 4.6 m (L), 1.1 m (H), 1.1 m (W) |
Weight | 2,100 kg in air (approx.) |
Maximum Tow Speed | 0.5 knot |
IMAGING |
Video Camera | Two surface selectable channels from the following cameras:
-One single CCD chip color
-One SIT black and white, forward or down-looking |
Still Camera | 35 mm, 750 frames with either 16 mm or 28 mm lens |
Electronic Camera | Marquest Model 9100 camera |
Lighting | 1,500 watts of incandescent switched lighting
Four 200 watt/sec strobes; or
One 300 or 600 watt/sec strobe
Two 400 watt HMI lights |
STANDARD SENSORS |
Attitude | Two-axis clinometer, 0.1 degree resolution |
Heading | Flux-gate compass, 0.1 degree resolution
Gimballed gyro, 0.1 degree resolution |
Pressure Depth | Bulk semiconductor strain gauge, <1 m resolution |
Altitude | 120 kHz updating at 2 Hz, 33 meters range, 0.1 m resolution |
Navigation | Long base line responder or relay transmitter/receiver
7-12 kHz vehicle powered or battery operated for emergency
location |
Propulsion | Two brushless DC thrusters fore and aft provide heading control |
Sonar | Imagenex 855 scanning sonar with forward imaging or profiling head avaialble |
SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTATION SUPPORT |
Analog | A/D capability available |
Digital | Six RS-232 (422 available) 9.6 kbaud bidirectional data channels
Higher speed links available |
Power | Five 500 watt 120 vdc fused outputs |
Video | Three additional inputs |
Fiber optics | One single-mode fiber (uplink only) |
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Courtesy of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
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