Without even excavating, archaeologists are able to see many structures built by the Fremont that remain in excellent condition.

We accompany archeologists as they hike up the canyon sides, to some of the most remote remains of occupied caves and villages — some perched on the highest knife edges of rock. These sites have yet to be excavated, or even systematically cataloged, and one cave we visit highlights the challenge that lies ahead — already, just since 2002, ancient pottery has disappeared. Back in the lab, some of the first finds from the canyon are being examined. The state of preservation is superb — a priceless set of arrows, neatly bound with sinew to prevent splitting; and a unique paddle-shaped slice of cottonwood, possibly used as a trowel for adobe.

Then back out in the canyon, we examine rock art panels which suggest the Fremont may have led a rich life of ritual. There's some evidence that corn, the Fremont's most important crop, may have been used to make beer for ritual use. But the whole way of life came to and end 700 years ago, while at the same time, similar troubles affected other ancient peoples, like the Anasazi. The promise of Range Creek's thousands of undisturbed sites is that we can come to understand those momentous events.