Irregular Verbs
Verbs are subdivided into two groups, regular verbs and irregular verbs, on the basis of how their past tense and past participles are formed. Most verbs are regular verbs. Regular verbs are those whose past tense and past participles are formed by adding a -d or an -ed to the end of the verb, for example, roll and rolled. Sometimes the last consonant must be doubled before adding the -ed ending, as in, plan and planned. So far, so good.
However, English being the contrary language that it is, there are also nearly 300 irregular verbs and there is no formula to predict how such a verb will form its past tense and past participle states. Some do not change at all, others change completely, while others change letters in the middle. It's no wonder the student of English sometimes gets confused. To make things a little easier, here is a table of all the irregular verbs.
Base Form | Past Simple | Past Participle | 3rd Person Singular | Present Participle/ Gerund |
Abide | Abode/ Abided | Abode/ Abided/ Abidden | Abides | Abiding |
Arise | Arose | Arisen | Arises | Arising |
Awake | Awoke | Awoken | Awakes | Awaking |
Be | Was/ Were | Been | Am/ Is/ Are | Being |
Bear | Bore | Born/ Borne | Bears | Bearing |
Beat | Beat | Beaten | Beats | Beating |
Become | Became | Become | Becomes | Becoming |
Befall | Befalling | Befallen | Befalls | Befalling |
Beget | Begot/ Begat | Begotten | Begets | Begetting |
Begin | Began | Begun | Begins | Beginning |
Behold | Beheld | Beheld | Beholds | Beholding |
Bend | Bent | Bent | Bends | Bending |
Bereave | Bereft | Bereft/ Bereaved | - | Bereaving |
Beseech | Besought | Besought | Beseeches | Beseeching |
Beset | Beset | Beset | Besets | Besetting |
Bespeak | Bespoke | Bespoken | Bespeaks | Bespeaking |
Bestride | Bestrode | Bestridden | Bestrides | Bestriding |
Bet | Bet | Bet | Bets | Betting |
Betake | Betook | Betaken | Betakes | Betaking |
Bethink | Bethought | Bethought | Bethinks | Bethinking |
Bid | Bid | Bid | Bids | Bidding |
Bide | Bode/ Bided | Bided | Bides | Biding |
Bind | Bound | Bound | Binds | Binding |
Bite | Bit | Bitten | Bites | Biting |
Bleed | Bled | Bled | Bleeds | Bleeding |
Blow | Blew | Blown | Blows | Blowing |
Break | Broke | Broken | Breaks | Breaking |
Breed | Bred | Bred | Breeds | Breeding |
Bring | Brought | Brought | Brings | Bringing |
Broadcast | Broadcast/ Broadcasted | Broadcast/ Broadcasted | Broadcasts | Broadcasting |
Browbeat | Browbeat | Browbeat/ Browbeaten | Browbeats | Browbeating |
Build | Built | Built | Builds | Building |
Burn | Burnt/ Burned | Burnt/ Burned | Burns | Burning |
Burst | Burst | Burst | Bursts | Bursting |
Bust | Bust | Bust | Busts | Busting |
Buy | Bought | Bought | Buys | Buying |
Cast | Cast | Cast | Casts | Casting |
Catch | Caught | Caught | Catches | Catching |
Chide | Chid | Chidden/ Chid | Chides | Chiding |
Choose | Chose | Chosen | Chooses | Choosing |
Cleave | Clove/ Cleft | Cloven/ Cleft | Cleaves | Cleaving |
Cling | Clung | Clung | Clings | Clinging |
Clothe | Clad/ Clothed | Clad/ Clothed | Clothes | Clothing |
Come | Came | Come | Comes | Coming |
Cost | Cost | Cost | Costs | Costing |
Creep | Crept | Crept | Creeps | Creeping |
Cut | Cut | Cut | Cuts | Cutting |
Dare | Dared/ Durst | Dared | Dares | Daring |
Deal | Dealt | Dealt | Deals | Dealing |
Dig | Dug | Dug | Digs | Digging |
Dive | Dived/ Dove | Dived | Dives | Diving |
Do | Did | Done | Does | Doing |
Draw | Drew | Drawn | Draws | Drawing |
Dream | Dreamt/ Dreamed | Dreamt/ Dreamed | Dreams | Dreaming |
Drink | Drank | Drunk | Drinks | Drinking |
Drive | Drove | Driven | Drives | Drives |
Dwell | Dwelt/ Dwelled | Dwelt/ Dwelled | Dwells | Dwelling |
Eat | Ate | Eaten | Eats | Eating |
Fall | Fell | Fallen | Falls | Falling |
Feed | Fed | Fed | Feeds | Feeding |
Feel | Felt | Felt | Feels | Feeling |
Fight | Fought | Fought | Fights | Fighting |
Find | Found | Found | Finds | Finding |
Fit | Fit/ Fitted | Fit/ Fitted | Fits | Fitting |
Flee | Fled | Fled | Flees | Fleeing |
Fling | Flung | Flung | Flings | Flinging |
Floodlight | Floodlit | Floodlit | Floodlights | Floodlighting |
Fly | Flew | Flown | Flies | Flying |
Forbear | Forebore | Forborne | Forbears | Forbearing |
Forbid | Forbade/ Forbad | Forbidden | Forbids | Forbidding |
Forecast | Forecast/ Forecasted | Forecast/ Forecasted | Forecast | Forecasting |
Forego | Forewent | Foregone | Foregoes | Foregoing |
Foreknow | Foreknew | Foreknown | Foreknows | Foreknowing |
Forerun | Foreran | Forerun | Foreruns | Forerunning |
Foresee | Foresaw | Foreseen | Foresees | Foreseeing |
Foretell | Foretold | Foretold | Foretells | Foretelling |
Forget | Forgot | Forgotten | Forgets | Forgetting |
Forgive | Forgave | Forgiven | Forgives | Forgiving |
Forsake | Forsook | Forsaken | Forsakes | Forsaking |
Forswear | Forswore | Forsworn | Forswears | Forswearing |
Freeze | Froze | Frozen | Freezes | Freezing |
Gainsay | Gainsaid | Gainsaid | Gainsays | Gainsaying |
Get | Got | Got | Gets | Getting |
Gild | Gilded/ Gilt | Gilded/ Gilt | Gilds | Gilding |
Gird | Girded/ Girt | Girded/ Girt | Girds | Girding |
Give | Gave | Given | Gives | Giving |
Go | Went | Gone/ Been | Goes | Going |
Grave | Graved | Graven | Graves | Graving |
Grind | Ground | Ground | Grinds | Grinding |
Grow | Grew | Grown | Grows | Growing |
Hamstring | Hamstrung/ Hamstringed | Hamstrung/ Hamstringed | Hamstrings | Hamstringing |
Hang | Hung/ Hanged | Hung/ Hanged | Hangs | Hanging |
Have | Had | Had | Has | Having |
Hear | Heard | Heard | Hears | Hearing |
Heave | Heaved/ Hove | Heaved/ Hove | Heaves | Heaving |
Hew | Hewed | Hewn | Hews | Hewing |
Hide | Hid | Hidden | Hides | Hiding |
Hit | Hit | Hit | Hits | Hitting |
Hold | Held | Held | Holds | Holding |
Housebreak | Housebroke | Housebroken | Housebreaks | Housebreaking |
Hurt | Hurt | Hurt | Hurts | Hurting |
Inbreed | Inbred | Inbred | Inbreeds | Inbreeding |
Inlay | Inlaid | Inlaid | Inlays | Inlaying |
Input | Input/ Inputted | Input/ Inputted | Inputs | Inputting |
Inset | Inset | Inset | Insets | Insetting |
Interbreed | Interbred | Interbred | Interbreeds | Interbreeding |
Interlay | Interlaid | Interlaid | Interlays | Interlaying |
Interweave | Interwove | Interwoven | Interweaves | Interweaving |
Keep | Kept | Kept | Keeps | Keeping |
Kneel | Kneeled/ Knelt | Kneeled/ Knelt | Kneels | Kneeling |
Knit | Knitted/ Knit | Knitted/ Knit | Knits | Knitting |
Know | Knew | Known | Knows | Knowing |
Lade | Laded | Laden/ Laded | Lades | Lading |
Lay | Laid | Laid | Lays | Laying |
Lead | Led | Led | Leads | Leading |
Lean | Leaned/ Leant | Leaned/ Leant | Leans | Leaning |
Leap | Leaped/ Leapt | Leaped/ Leapt | Leaps | Leaping |
Learn | Learnt/ Learned | Learnt/ Learned | Learns | Learning |
Leave | Left | Left | Leaves | Leaving |
Lend | Lent | Lent | Lends | Lending |
Let | Let | Let | Lets | Letting |
Lie | Lay | Lain | Lies | Lying |
Light | Lit | Lit | Lights | Lighting |
Lose | Lost | Lost | Loses | Losing |
Make | Made | Made | Makes | Making |
Mean | Meant | Meant | Means | Meaning |
Meet | Met | Met | Meets | Meeting |
Melt | Melted | Melted/ Molten | Melts | Melting |
Miscast | Miscast | Miscast | Miscasts | Miscasting |
Misdeal | Misdealt | Misdealt | Misdeals | Misdealing |
Misgive | Misgave | Misgiven | Misgives | Misgiving |
Mishear | Misheard | Misheard | Mishears | Mishearing |
Mislay | Mislaid | Mislaid | Mislays | Mislaying |
Mislead | Misled | Misled | Misleads | Misleading |
Misread | Misread | Misread | Misreads | Misreading |
Misspell | Misspelt | Misspelt | Misspells | Misspelling |
Misspend | Misspent | Misspent | Misspends | Misspending |
Mistake | Mistook | Mistaken | Mistakes | Mistaking |
Misunderstand | Misunderstood | Misunderstood | Misunderstands | Misunderstanding |
Mow | Mowed | Mown | Mows | Mowing |
Outbid | Outbid | Outbid | Outbids | Outbidding |
Outdo | Outdid | Outdone | Outdoes | Outdoing |
Outgrow | Outgrew | Outgrown | Outgrows | Outgrowing |
Outride | Outrode | Outridden | Outrides | Outriding |
Outrun | Outran | Outrun | Outruns | Outrunning |
Outsell | Outsold | Outsold | Outsells | Outselling |
Outshine | Outshone | Outshone | Outshines | Outshining |
Overbear | Overbore | Oberborne | Overbears | Overbearing |
Overcome | Overcame | Overcome | Overcomes | Overcoming |
Overdo | Overdid | Overdone | Overdoes | Overdoing |
Overeat | Overate | Overeaten | Overeats | Overeating |
Overhang | Overhung | Overhung | Overhangs | Overhanging |
Overhear | Overheard | Overheard | Overhears | Overhearing |
Overlay | Overlaid | Overlaid | Overlays | Overlaying |
Overleap | Overleapt/ Overleaped | Overleapt/ Overleaped | Overleaps | Overleaping |
Overpay | Overpaid | Overpaid | Overpays | Overpaying |
Override | Overrode | Overridden | Overrides | Overriding |
Overrun | Overran | Overridden | Overruns | Overrunning |
Oversee | Oversaw | Overseen | Oversees | Overseeing |
Oversell | Oversold | Oversold | Oversells | Overselling |
Overshoot | Overshot | Overshot | Overshoots | Overshooting |
Oversleep | Overslept | Overslept | Oversleeps | Oversleeping |
Overtake | Overtook | Overtaken | Overtakes | Overtaking |
Overthrow | Overthrew | Overthrown | Overthrows | Overthrowing |
Partake | Partook | Partaken | Partakes | Partaking |
Pay | Paid | Paid | Pays | Paying |
Plead | Pleaded/ Pled | Pleaded/ Pled | Pleads | Pleading |
Preset | Preset | Preset | Presets | Presetting |
Proofread | Proofread | Proofread | Proofreads | Proofreading |
Prove | Proved | Proved/ Proven | Proves | Proving |
Put | Put | Put | Puts | Putting |
Quit | Quit | Quit | Quits | Quitting |
Read | Read | Read | Reads | Reading |
Rebind | Rebound | Rebound | Rebinds | Rebinding |
Rebuild | Rebuilt | Rebuilt | Rebuilds | Rebuilding |
Recast | Recast | Recast | Recasts | Recasting |
Redo | Redid | Redone | Redoes | Redoing |
Relay | Relaid | Relaid | Relays | Relaying |
Remake | Remade | Remade | Remakes | Remaking |
Rend | Rent | Rent | Rents | Renting |
Repay | Repaid | Repaid | Repays | Repaying |
Rerun | Reran | Rerun | Reruns | Rerunning |
Resell | Resold | Resold | Resells | Reselling |
Reset | Reset | Reset | Resets | Resetting |
Retell | Retold | Retold | Retells | Retelling |
Rethink | Rethought | Rethought | Rethinks | Rethinking |
Rewind | Rewound | Rewound | Rewinds | Rewinding |
Rewrite | Rewrote | Rewritten | Rewrites | Rewriting |
Rid | Rid/ Ridded | Rid/ Ridded | Rids | Ridding |
Ride | Rode | Ridden | Rides | Riding |
Ring | Rang | Rung | Rings | Ringing |
Rise | Rose | Risen | Rises | Rising |
Rive | Rived | Riven/ Rived | Rives | Riving |
Run | Ran | Run | Runs | Running |
Saw | Sawed | Sawed/ Sawn | Saws | Sawing |
Say | Said | Said | Says | Saying |
See | Saw | Seen | Sees | Seeing |
Seek | Sought | Sought | Seeks | Seeking |
Sell | Sold | Sold | Sells | Selling |
Send | Sent | Sent | Sends | Sending |
Set | Set | Set | Sets | Setting |
Sew | Sewed | Sewed/ Sewn | Sews | Sewing |
Shake | Shook | Shaken | Shakes | Shaking |
Shave | Shaved | Shaved/ Shaven | Shaves | Shaving |
Shear | Sheared/ Shore | Sheared/ Shore | Shears | Shearing |
Shed | Shed | Shed | Sheds | Shedding |
Shine | Shone | Shone | Shines | Shining |
Shit | Shit/ Shat | Shit/ Shat | Shits | Shitting |
Shoe | Shod | Shod | Shoes | Shoeing |
Shoot | Shot | Shot | Shoots | Shooting |
Show | Showed | Shown | Shows | Showing |
Shrink | Shrank | Shrunk | Shrinks | Shrinking |
Shrive | Shrove | Shriven | Shrives | Shriving |
Shut | Shut | Shut | Shuts | Shutting |
Sing | Sang | Sung | Sings | Singing |
Sink | Sank | Sunk | Sinks | Sinking |
Sit | Sat | Sat | Sits | Sitting |
Slay | Slew | Slain | Slays | Slaying |
Sleep | Slept | Slept | Sleeps | Sleeping |
Slide | Slid | Slid/ Slidden | Slides | Sliding |
Sling | Slung | Slung | Slings | Slinging |
Slink | Slunk | Slunk | Slinks | Slinking |
Slit | Slit | Slit | Slits | Slitting |
Smell | Smelt/ Smelled | Smelt/ Smelled | Smells | Smelling |
Smite | Smote | Smitten | Smites | Smiting |
Sow | Sowed | Sown | Sows | Sowing |
Speak | Spoke | Spoken | Speaks | Speaking |
Speed | Sped | Sped | Speeds | Speeding |
Spell | Spelt | Spelt | Spells | Spelling |
Spend | Spent | Spent | Spends | Spending |
Spill | Spilt | Spilt | Spills | Spilling |
Spin | Spun/ Span | Spun | Spins | Spinning |
Spit | Spat | Spat | Spits | Spitting |
Split | Split | Split | Splits | Splitting |
Spoil | Spoiled/ Spoilt | Spoiled/ Spoilt | Spoils | Spoiling |
Spoonfeed | Spoonfed | Spoonfed | Spoonfeeds | Spoonfeeding |
Spread | Spread | Spread | Spreads | Spreading |
Spring | Sprang | Sprung | Springs | Springing |
Stand | Stood | Stood | Stands | Standing |
Stave | Stove/ Staved | Stove/ Staved | Staves | Staving |
Steal | Stole | Stolen | Steals | Stealing |
Stick | Stuck | Stuck | Sticks | Sticking |
Sting | Stung | Stung | Stings | Stinging |
Stink | Stank | Stunk | Stinks | Stinking |
Strew | Strewed | Strewed/ Strewn | Strews | Strewing |
Stride | Strode/ Strided | Stridden | Strides | Striding |
Strike | Struck | Struck/ Stricken | Strikes | Striking |
String | Strung | Strung | Strings | Stringing |
Strive | Strove | Striven | Strives | Striving |
Sunburn | Sunburned/ Sunburnt | Sunburned/ Sunburnt | Sunburns | Sunburning |
Swear | Swore | Sworn | Swears | Swearing |
Sweep | Swept/ Sweeped | Swept/ Sweeped | Sweeps | Sweeping |
Swell | Swelled | Swollen | Swells | Swelling |
Swim | Swam | Swum | Swims | Swimming |
Swing | Swung | Swung | Swings | Swinging |
Take | Took | Taken | Takes | Taking |
Teach | Taught | Taught | Teaches | Teaching |
Tear | Tore | Torn | Tears | Tearing |
Tell | Told | Told | Tells | Telling |
Think | Thought | Thought | Thinks | Thinking |
Thrive | Thrived/ Throve | Thrived/ Thriven | Thrives | Thriving |
Throw | Threw | Thrown | Throws | Throwing |
Thrust | Thrust | Thrust | Thrusts | Thrusting |
Tread | Trod | Trodden | Treads | Treading |
Unbend | Unbent | Unbent | Unbends | Unbending |
Unbind | Unbound | Unbound | Unbinds | Unbinding |
Underbid | Underbid | Underbid/ Underbidden | Underbids | Underbidding |
Undergo | Underwent | Undergone | Undergoes | Undergoing |
Underlie | Underlay | Underlain | Underlays | Underlying |
Understand | Understood | Understood | Understands | Understanding |
Undertake | Undertook | Undertaken | Undertakes | Undertaking |
Underwrite | Underwrote | Underwritten | Underwrites | Underwriting |
Undo | Undid | Undone | Undoes | Undoing |
Unwind | Unwound | Unwound | Unwinds | Unwinding |
Uphold | Upheld | Upheld | Upholds | Upholding |
Upset | Upset | Upset | Upsets | Upsetting |
Wake | Woke | Woken | Wakes | Waking |
Waylay | Waylaid | Waylaid | Waylays | Waylaying |
Wear | Wore | Worn | Wears | Wearing |
Weave | Wove | Woven | Weaves | Weaving |
Wed | Wedded/ Wed | Wedded/ Wed | Weds | Wedding |
Weep | Wept | Wept | Weeps | Weeping |
Wet | Wetted/ Wet | Wetted/ Wet | Wets | Wetting |
Win | Won | Won | Wins | Winning |
Wind | Wound | Wound | Winds | Winding |
Withdraw | Withdrew | Withdrawn | Withdraws | Withdrawing |
Withhold | Withheld | Withheld | Withholds | Withholding |
Withstand | Withstood | Withstood | Withstands | Withstanding |
Wreak | Wrought | Wrought | Wreaks | Wreaking |
Wring | Wrung | Wrung | Wrings | Wringing |
Write | Wrote | Written | Writes | Writing |
Source: tinyonline
© COPYRIGHT 2005 MACNEIL/LEHRER PRODUCTIONS. All Rights Reserved.