I was 11 when the right to vote came out. It changed me to the extent that I more or less did what I intended to do. I wasn’t like a lot of people who did a lot of talking and not a lot of doing. The right to vote gave me the ability to look at things in a different way and it also gave me an opportunity to do a lot of things that made my life different.

Who helped influence your path in life?

Well, we have to start with my mother. My mother invested in her children. I don’t remember my mother ever saying anything about this [the right to vote], but I know she made sure we got an education. My mother would not tolerate our being late to school. That was something she didn’t tolerate. You were there. I was only late once. The result of that was that I was in school to learn. I was not there to dilly-dally around.

Any little thing that my mother could find that had learning attached to it she would bring out and we would benefit from it. That ’s very important in a child’s life. With my mother it was important we got an education. Because of that I was a person who wanted to learn—not all people are affected that way.

How did you end up in the professional world?

When I was only 15, I was a senior in high school. That was 1924—four years after women got the vote. Professor Thomas, who was also superintendent of the schools, was having a discipline problem with a boy in my class. My professor decided to give him and the rest of us the Stanford Benet Tests (at that particular time they didn’t know anything about IQs). When the tests came back, the nuisance boy scored the highest. I scored the second highest.

Well, then it came time to go to college and my superintendent wanted me to go to college. There was no such thing about scholarships of any kind at that time. We didn’t have any money. We were flat broke. So Thomas asked my mother if she would move from southern Idaho to northern Idaho where the University of Idaho was. She said she would, and he took it upon himself to get my mother a job working in the kitchen in one of the Halls on campus. She moved her family to one end of the state to the other so that we could get a degree. I do not know where the boy is that scored highest. I don’t know what became of him, but my mother chose to move to Moscow for us to get an education. I got one; my sister who was very smart got one; and my bothers who were also very smart, got three years in. There are some mothers who would not have moved to get their families an education.

Why did you choose to be a teacher?

There wasn’t much I could do besides teach school or be a nurse. There wasn’t much a woman could do at that time. That’s the way the whole situation was. Women were held back. There were a lot of things not open to women, and so they did the best they could—they could teach school and they could be a nurse or dietician.

What did you do after college?

I taught high school Latin and home economics for three years in Idaho. Later we moved to Bend [Oregon]. They offered me a position to teach high school here. I was so tired; I wasn’t interested. So I started substitute teaching... and then another field opened up for women that hadn’t been there before. Women could be managers of restaurants or clothing stores. Those things had never been open to women before. Because I had a home ec background, I was able to sell children’s merchandise.

When did these career changes for women occur?

When I went to teach school it was 1931. I was married in 1945, when I came over here. That was when I opened the “Pinkenblue” shop.

Why was your store such a success?

One time... there was a man who asked me “Can you tell me what is wrong with my sleeve? Why did it shrink?” I said, “Your sleeve is made on the lengthwise of the grain and if you make the sleeve on the crosswise of the grain it will shrink differently.” He had never heard of that and said it wouldn’t make any difference. I said it would make a difference to a woman washing her kids’ clothes.

I think that is why I made a success with the children’s clothes. I knew these things when I bought. I bought totally differently than men for JC Penney, or another store would. So people liked what I bought. And I went over to the West Coast to buy things for the store.

Did you have a female role model?

I supposed it would be Mrs. Roosevelt. She would be it. She did many things that needed to be done—like taking care of poor people, which my mother had always tried to do. She didn’t wait for anyone to tell her, she just went and did it. That’s what Mrs. Roosevelt did.

How did your women friends feel about the movement?

They felt kind of like I did. That it was about time.

Why did you feel it was about time?

I didn’t like some of the things that were going on. I was receiving poor wages—much worse than the men.

What do you think of women’s roles today?

I think women have been moving in the right direction. But I don’t always think that they have considered the man’s role as they should have. A man comes into a marriage as a man—and for years his role has been second place as far as taking care of the children is concerned. Now today, all of a sudden, we expect him to know more than he does. And so he gets a little frustrated—and so does she—because she doesn’t quite know and what to expect.

So, when we expect the man to have an equal role as women, we get a little upset instead of being tolerant. Men have to learn as we did. In other words we should give the man an opportunity. There are some of them that never take it. But they ought to be given the opportunity to be a part of it, instead of the woman always being the boss.