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<< Blues Classroom  |
Overview Learning Objectives
Addresses the following themes in the National Curriculum Standards for Music Education: Primary: 6, 9 Secondary: 7 Resources Needed Film Tie-Ins Introductory Exercise To further root "Crossroads" in blues music history, play the song upon which it is based, "Cross Road Blues" by Robert Johnson. Students can identify the commonalities between Johnson's song from the 1930s and Cream's version from the 1960s. Another blues tune remade by Cream was Skip James' "I'm So Glad." A reenactment of James singing the song can be seen in the Skip James portion of the film The Soul of a Man. The end of the film mentions that the proceeds made by Cream's cover of the song helped pay for James' expensive hospital bills later in his life. While many groups have remade classic blues tunes, Cream's combination of blues music and classic rock and roll helped spread the blues to a new audience. Inform students that in the late 1960s, Cream was one of the most popular bands in the world. Discuss why rock and roll fans in the 1960s would have been interested in songs written 30 years prior in the rural Jim Crow South. It might be helpful to distribute the words to both the original songs and the Cream covers. What about these songs do students feel appealed to the later audience? The words? The music? Would these songs hold appeal today? What would have to change and what could stay the same in order for these songs from the 1930s to become hits in the 21st century? If time allows, ask students, in small groups, to rewrite the words to one of the two songs in order to make them more relevant to today's listeners. [Lyrics to "Cross Road Blues" can be found at http://www.deltahaze.com/johnson/sounds.html and Cream's "Crossroads" at http://www.lyricsfreak.com/c/cream/25184.htm. James' "I'm So Glad" lyrics were replicated exactly by Cream and can be read at http://www.eric-clapton.co.uk/ecla/lyrics/.] Next, inform students that Eric Clapton went on to bring the blues to later listeners, most notably with his 1994 album, From the Cradle, which includes cover versions of songs from such blues legends as Leroy Carr, Willie Dixon, Lowell Fulson, and Elmore James. Have students read the words to the songs on this album in order to consider why, like Cream in the 1960s, Clapton was able to touch a modern audience with blues classics. [Song lyrics can be found at http://lyrics.rockmagic.net/lyrics/clapton_eric/.] Conclude by asking students to write a journal entry based on this prompt: The blues is a universal language and, as such, holds timeless appeal. Agree or disagree. Focus Exercise Ask students to learn about Shemekia's background in order to determine the root of her blues sensibility. Her official Web site at http://www.shemekiacopeland.com is a good place to start. Next, assign students to record facts from her life that explain her connection to the blues. Copeland's appreciation of the blues was clearly influenced by growing up surrounded by the blues. Ask students if they believe such a background is necessary to embrace the blues. How can young people today become schooled in the blues? Does a person need to be mentored by a blues musician? Does listening alone work? Point out that Copeland, in addition to keeping the blues alive for new audiences, also carries on the tradition of blueswomen. If students are unfamiliar with the contributions of females to the blues, point out that women such as Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, Mamie Smith, and Victoria Spivey dominated blues recordings in the 1920s and early '30s. These women, performing in what is now called "classic female blues," set the precedent for blueswomen to follow. Illustrate the blueswomen tradition by playing the segment from the film Warming by the Devil's Fire about such blueswomen as Sister Rosetta Tharpe, Mamie Smith, Ma Rainey, Ida Cox, and Victoria Spivey. Subsequently, suggest that Copeland has frequently been compared to another blueswoman: Koko Taylor. To give students an understanding of this comparison, show them footage of Taylor singing at the beginning of Godfathers and Sons and Copeland's cover of J.B. Lenoir's "God's Word" in The Soul of a Man. Discuss the similarities between Copeland and Taylor and, more broadly, the similarities between Copeland and earlier blueswomen. Given the history of women in the blues, do students think it's important for female performers to be part of keeping the blues alive in modern times? Why or why not? Conclude this exercise by asking students to consider why the Boston Globe said the following about Copeland (as quoted on her Web site): "She is as new as tomorrow's paper and as ageless as the blues itself." What about her life and music is both new and ageless? Student thoughts can be recorded in a journal entry prior to holding a class discussion. Research and Analysis As Clapton helped bridge rock and roll and the blues, some would suggest that the young performer Chris Thomas King has helped build a bridge between the blues and hip-hop. Assign students to research King's life and music in order to answer the following questions:
Student research can begin at King's Web site: http://www.christhomasking.com. Synthesis and Assessment Extensions 2. Clapton's amazing guitar playing represents a major way in which he has kept the blues alive. Assign students to research his guitar techniques and to trace their origin. What blues performers did he learn from? How can the techniques of these bluesmen be seen in Clapton's own playing? Student findings can be presented either visually or in performance, with guitar students demonstrating specific blues guitar techniques honed by Clapton. The Eric Clapton books and Web sites listed under Supplementary Resources will provide students with a variety of starting points for research. Supplementary Resources
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