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Unrest led to massive strikes and peasant demonstrations, and even rebellion in the armed forces in 1905. On government orders, over a hundred workers who had gathered before the Winter Palace to ask for the tsar’s help were shot and killed, setting the stage for further unrest and, finally, concessions by the tsar to create Russia’s first democratically elected parliament: the Duma. Briefly, Russia became a limited constitutional monarchy. This system collapsed in 1917, when the Bolsheviks launched their successful coup.
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