For Victory in the Pacific

Written and Directed by
Austin Hoyt

Editors
Bill Lattanzi
Jon Neuburger

Produced by
Austin Hoyt
Melissa Martin

Director of Photography
Stephen McCarthy

Associate Producer
Kristina Wood

Narrated by
David Ogden Stiers

Composer
Michael Bacon

Production Assistant
Andrea Ryan

Archive Research
Polly Pettit

Business Managers
Julie O'Brien
Kimberly Langley

Sound & Assistant Camera
Richard Williams

Photo Animation
Alisa Placas

Map Animation
Bruce Walker
Matt Harter

Art Direction
Alison Kennedy

Colorist & Online Editor
Michael H. Amundson

Post Production Services
The OutPost

Audio Post Production
Heart Punch Studio

Score Preparation
James Oakar

Additional Camera
Chuck Barbee

Additional Sound
Glenn Berkovitz
Chris Bresnahan

Additional Archive Research
Karen Colbron
Margaret Johnson
Midori Yanagihara

Location Managers:

Japan
Reiko Sakuma

Okinawa
Tamio Ota
Chris Majewski

Saipan
Gordon Marciano
Genevieve Cabrera

Grips
Kazuma Ohshiro
Toshimi Ishizoe

Voiceovers
Kippy Goldfarb
Peter Haydu
Paul Horn

Technical Support
Todd Lamothe
Chuck Costa
Glenn Heath

Translation
Mikiko Nishimura

Transcripts
Johanna Kovitz

Production Interns
Jennifer Markey
Jessica Meissner

Production Accountant
Donald Goldberg

Archival Footage
Archive Films by Getty Images
Carl Bakal Archives
DTRIAC
DVIC
ITN Archive / Reuters
John E. Allen
Kaleidoscope
Library of Congress
Los Alamos National Laboratory
National Air and Space Museum
National Archives
NHK

Archival Photos
AP Wide World
© Bettmann/Corbis
Dr. Frank Arian Private Collection
Fred Lasswell for Leatherneck Magazine
Getty Images/Time Life Pictures
Harry S. Truman Library
Himeyuri Peace Museum
Mainichi Photo Bank
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan
Morita Photostudio/ Koyo Ishikawa
National Archives
Naval Historical Center
Newsweek Magazine
Office of War Information
Shunen-Do Shoten Publisher
Sumida Cultural Heritage Museum
The New York Times
TIME Magazine © 1945 Time Inc. Reprinted by Permission
Tokyo Raid and War Damages Center
US Air Force
US Marine Corps
US Navy
US Signal Corps
Victoria and Albert Picture Library
Yasukuni Shrine Kaiko Library

Additional Music
"Umi Yukaba"
Courtesy of Showakan

Special Thanks
Brazilian Court Hotel, Palm Beach
Fourth Floor Productions
Herbert Bix
John Dower
Okinawa Harbor View Hotel

Acknowledgements

The production team would like to acknowledge Richard Frank's book, Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire (New York: Penguin Books, 1999). Acknowledgements to other contributors are listed below. Consult the further reading page for a list of more books and Web sites related to Victory in the Pacific.

A number of people appeared on-camera and are listed below. 

On-camera interview subjects:
Barton Bernstein, historian
Jerome Connolly, U.S. Army medic
Conrad Crane, historian
Edward Drea, historian
Yoshio Emoto, Japanese Imperial Navy
Richard B. Frank, author
Irvin Gehret, 6th Marine Division
Harry George, B-29 co-pilot
Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, historian
Yoshiko Hashimoto, Tokyo firebomb survivor
Jack Hoag, 6th Marine Division
Haruo Iguchi, historian
Akira Iriye, historian
Donald Miller, historian
Ruri Miyara, Okinawan student nurse
Walter Moore, 1st Marine Division
Katsuo Nagata, Okinawan student conscript
George Niland, 6th Marine Division
Robert Rodenhouse, B-29 pilot
Masayuki Shimada, kamikaze pilot
Koyu Shiroma, Japanese boy on Saipan, Age 5 in 1944
Goeffrey "Al" Turnbull, U.S. Navy

Attributions

Herbert Bix
Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan
Hirohito's concern about the nation's "enduring" until it won a decisive battle and his concern about the "ordinary hardships" of war draw on Bix's language, p. 489-90 and 523.

The description of "reproachful expressions" of the March 10 firebombing victims as the emperor toured the ruins draws on language from Bix, p. 491.

The emperor's explanation to his son about why Japan lost the war and the empress's description of B-29s flying over the palace, the closing lines of the program, draw on language from Bix, p. 533-4.

The New Yorker
Description of the radio reports from the lead bomber on the first incendiary raid over Tokyo on March 9, 1945 are by St. Clair McKelway. He is also the aide who recollected the reaction of Curtis LeMay and General Lauris Norstad to the photos. The program quotes from McKelway's New Yorker article June 23, 1945, p. 35.

George Feifer
The Battle of Okinawa
Characterization of the Battle for Sugar Loaf Hill as "the hardest for Americans anywhere in World War II" comes from Feifer, p. 209.

John Toland
The Rising Run: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936-1945
The observations of a U.S. admiral on the kamikaze attacks "being so alien to our Western philosophy" come from Toland, vol 2, Random House, 1970, p. 883.

"If we can not fulfill our responsibility to the throne," replied a furious Anami, "we should offer our sincere apologies by committing hara-kiri...." This was part of an exchange among members of the war cabinet on June 6, 1945, quoted from Toland, Modern Library, 2003, p. 749.

Edward J. Drea
In the Service of the Emperor
The program describes the Japanese buildup on Kyushu in August 1945 as Gen. George Marshall's "preview of hell." This is Edward Drea's language, p. 162, and draws on the subtitle of his Chapter 11: Intelligence Forecasting for the Invasion of Japan: Previews of Hell.

General Curtis LeMay with MacKinlay Kantor
Mission with LeMay: My Story
LeMay's fantasy scene in which he agonizes over the risks of low altitude incendiary flights is drawn from "Mission," p. 348-352. General Arnold's "congratulations" is quoted from "Mission," p. 353.

Russell Spurr
A Glorious Way to Die
The kamikaze commander's admonition to "remember the carriers" is quoted from Spurr, p. 140.

For American Experience

Post Production
Greg Shea
Glenn Fukushima

Series Designer
Alison Kennedy

On-line Editor
Spencer Gentry

Sound Mix
John Jenkins

Series Theme
Mark Adler

Business Manager
John Van Hagen

Project Administration
Nancy Farrell
Vanessa Ruiz
Helen R. Russell
Rebekah Suggs

Legal
Jay Fialkov
Maureen Jordan

Director, New Media
Maria Daniels

Project Coordinator, New Media
Ravi Jain

Publicity
Daphne B. Noyes
Johanna Baker
Lauren Prestileo

Series Editor
Susan Bellows

Series Manager
James E. Dunford

Coordinating Producer
Susan Mottau

Series Producer
Sharon Grimberg

Executive Producer
Mark Samels

An Austin Hoyt Productions Film For
American Experience

© 2005
WGBH Educational Foundation
All Rights Reserved.