Australia: First 4 Billion Years

One of the strangest landscapes on Earth reveals our planet’s complex history. A four-part series airing April 10, 17, 24, and May 1 on PBS A four-part series airing April 10, 17, 24, and May 1 on PBS

Program Description

Of all the continents on Earth, none preserves a more spectacular story of our planet's origins than Australia. NOVA's four-part "Australia's First 4 Billion Years" takes viewers on a rollicking adventure from the birth of the Earth to the emergence of the world we know today. With help from host and scientist Richard Smith, we meet titanic dinosaurs and giant kangaroos, sea monsters and prehistoric crustaceans, disappearing mountains and deadly asteroids. Epic in scope, intimate in nature, this is the untold story of the land "down under," the one island continent that has got it all. Join NOVA on the ultimate Outback road trip, an exploration of the history of the planet as seen through the window of the Australian continent.

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Broadcast Credits

Image

(Australian landscape): © Essential Media and Entertainment

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Australia: Awakening

Australia’s ancient landscape holds clues to Earth's early history and the beginning of life. Airing April 10, 2013 at 9 pm on PBS Aired April 10, 2013 on PBS

Program Description

What can Australia reveal about how Earth was born and how life took hold? Join NOVA and host Dr. Richard Smith as they journey back to the very beginning of the Australian story in "Awakening." The first stop is Western Australia, around four and a half billion years ago, where we encounter an Earth shortly after its fiery birth. Hidden in the red hills of Australia are clues to the mysteries of when the Earth was born, how life first arose, and how it transformed the planet. Experts unveil how the earliest forms of life—an odd assortment of bacterial slime—flooded the atmosphere with oxygen, sparking the biological revolution that made animal life possible. It is the beginning of the great drama of life on Earth.

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Broadcast Credits

WRITTEN, PRODUCED AND DIRECTED BY: Richard Smith
EDITED BY: Lile Judickas
Karin Steininger
PRINCIPAL PHOTOGRAPHY: Richard Smith
Trevor Smith
Chris Taylor
ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHY: Geoffrey Simpson ACS
SOUND RECORDISTS: David MacDonald
Trevor Smith
Richard Smith
Kerry Brewster
Jane Pinsker
HELICOPTER UNIT: Gary Ticehurst
Blair Monk
VISUAL EFFECTS: Eye Candy Animation
Hive Studios International
Mirage-VFX
Pulse FX
LINE PRODUCER & POST/VFX SUPERVISOR: Naomi Mitchell
PRODUCTION AND ARCHIVE COORDINATOR: Amber Coker
MUSIC: Pete Drummond
ASSISTANT EDITORS: Vinessa Trikeriotis
David Sharpe
ONLINE EDITOR: Murray North
COLORISTS: Piers McDonald
Donal O'Kane
SOUND MIXERS: Damian Jory
Matt Perrott
EDIT ASSISTANT: Blake Rainey
SOUND EDITING & DESIGN: Michael Lloyd
Lile Judickas
Marco Velasco
POST PRODUCTION FACILTY: 2 Dogs Post
ARCHIVAL MATERIAL: Absolutely Wild Visuals
Blue Planet Productions
Thought Equity Motion
Australian Broadcasting Corporation Library Sales: BHP Billiton
Ron Blakey
Cytographics
Matt Coller
Essential Media and Entertainment
KUKL EFT
MARUM - Centre for Marine Env. Sciences, Uni. of Bremen
NASA
Neilan Lab, University of NSW
William Peck, University of Wisconsin / Colgate University
J. William Schopf, UCLA
South Australian Tourism
State Library of Western Australia
Tourism Queensland
Tourism Western Australia
U.S. Geological Survey
John Valley, University of Wisconsin
Simon A. Wilde
SPECIAL THANKS: Jim Gehling
David Johnson
Bruce Mountain
Tony Pack
John Paterson
Mikael Siversson
Martin Van Kranendonk
Tom Woolrych
LOCATION ACCESS: Antakirinja Matu-Yankunytjatjara Aboriginal Corporation
Australian Museum
CSIRO Hobart
Dept. of Environment and Conservation, WA
Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources, SA
Dept. of Environment & Resource Management, QLD
Director of National Parks, Parks Australia
Geoscience Australia
Northern Territory Government
NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service
Parks and Wildlife Service, TAS
Parks Victoria
South Australian Museum
Queensland Museum
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
Uluru Kata-Tjuta National Park
Wai-O-Tapu Thermal Wonderland, NZ
Western Australian Museum
Willandra Lakes Elders Council
Wunambal Gaambera Aboriginal Corporation
MULTIPLATFORM PRODUCER: Hoodlum

FOR ESSENTIAL MEDIA & ENTERTAINMENT

HEAD OF PRODUCTION: Andrea Gorddard
ASSOCIATE PRODUCER: Kerry Brewster
LEGAL & BUSINESS AFFAIRS: Christine Newman
PRODUCTION ASSISTANT: Keah Butcher
PRODUCTION ACCOUNTANT: Lorraine Pickering
Bianca Panuccio
COMMISSIONING EDITOR FOR AUSTRALIAN BROADCASTING CORPORATION: Karina Holden
EXECUTIVE PRODUCER FOR ESSENTIAL MEDIA & ENTERTAINMENT: Chris Hilton
NOVA SERIES GRAPHICS: yU + co.
NOVA THEME MUSIC: Walter Werzowa
John Luker
Musikvergnuegen, Inc.
ADDITIONAL NOVA THEME MUSIC: Ray Loring
Rob Morsberger
POST PRODUCTION ONLINE EDITOR: Spencer Gentry
CLOSED CAPTIONING: The Caption Center
MARKETING AND PUBLICITY: Karen Laverty
PUBLICITY: Eileen Campion
Victoria Louie
SENIOR RESEARCHER: Kate Becker
NOVA ADMINISTRATOR: Kristen Sommerhalter
PRODUCTION COORDINATOR: Linda Callahan
PARALEGAL: Sarah Erlandson
TALENT RELATIONS: Scott Kardel, Esq.
Janice Flood
LEGAL COUNSEL: Susan Rosen
DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION: Rachel Connolly
DIGITAL PROJECTS MANAGER: Kristine Allington
SENIOR DIGITAL EDITOR: Tim De Chant
DIRECTOR OF NEW MEDIA: Lauren Aguirre
PRODUCTION MANAGER: Stephanie Mills
POST PRODUCTION ASSISTANT: Brittany Flynn
POST PRODUCTION EDITOR: Rebecca Nieto
POST PRODUCTION MANAGER: Nathan Gunner
COMPLIANCE MANAGER: Linzy Emery
BUSINESS MANAGER: Elizabeth Benjes
DEVELOPMENT PRODUCER: David Condon
PROJECT DIRECTOR: Pamela Rosenstein
COORDINATING PRODUCER: Laurie Cahalane
SENIOR SCIENCE EDITOR: Evan Hadingham
SENIOR PRODUCERS: Julia Cort Chris Schmidt
SENIOR SERIES PRODUCER: Melanie Wallace
MANAGING DIRECTOR: Alan Ritsko
SENIOR EXECUTIVE PRODUCER: Paula S. Apsell

An Essential Media and Entertainment Film Production for NOVA/WGBH in association with Eden. Developed and produced in association with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Co-financed by Screen Queensland, Principal Investor Screen Australia.

Image

(Australia shore): © Essential Media and Entertainment

Participants

David Flannery: University of New South Wales
Jim Gehling: South Australian Museum
John Paterson: University of New England, Aus.
Richard Smith: Biologist
Patrick Walsh: Mileura Station

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Australia: Life Explodes

Fossils reveal how life’s explosion in the ocean was recreated on dry land. Airing April 17, 2013 at 9 pm on PBS Aired April 17, 2013 on PBS

Program Description

How did life storm the beaches and dominate planet Earth? Ancient Australian fossils offer clues in "Life Explodes." Half a billion years ago, Australia was still part of the super-continent Gondwana. The oceans were teeming with weird and wonderful animals, but the world above the waves remained an almost lifeless wasteland. All that was about to change, though. Host Richard Smith introduces Earth's forgotten pioneers: the scuttling arthropod armies that invaded the shores and the waves of green revolutionaries whose battle for the light pushed plant life across the face of a barren continent. Evolution continued underwater as well, with armor-plated fish experimenting with teeth, jaws, sex, and lungs. NOVA's prehistoric adventure continues with four-legged animals walking onto dry land—and the planet poised for disaster.

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Broadcast Credits

WRITTEN, PRODUCED AND DIRECTED BY: Richard Smith
EDITED BY: Lile Judickas
PRINCIPAL PHOTOGRAPHY: Richard Smith
Trevor Smith
ADDITIONAL CAMERA: Geoffrey Simpson ACS
Chris Taylor
SOUND RECORDISTS: David MacDonald
Trevor Smith
Richard Smith
Jane Pinsker
HELICOPTER UNIT: Gary Ticehurst
Blair Monk
VISUAL EFFECTS: Eye Candy Animation
Hive Studios International
Pulse FX
LINE PRODUCER AND POST/VFX SUPERVISOR: Naomi Mitchell
PRODUCTION AND ARCHIVE COORDINATOR: Amber Coker
MUSIC: Pete Drummond
ADDITIONAL EDITING: Karin Steininger
ASSISTANT EDITORS: Vinessa Trikeriotis
David Sharpe
Vladimir Jovicic
ONLINE EDITORS: Murray North
Donal O'Kane
COLORISTS: Piers McDonald
Donal O'Kane
SOUND MIXERS: Damian Jory
Matt Perrott
EDIT ASSISTANT: Blake Rainey
SOUND EDITING & DESIGN: Michael Lloyd
Lile Judickas
Marco Velasco
POST PRODUCTION FACILITY: 2 Dogs Post
ARCHIVAL MATERIAL: Absolutely Wild Visuals
Australian Broadcasting Corporation Library Sales
Blue Planet Productions
Thought Equity Motion
Discovery Access
Essential Media and Entertainment
Getty Images
KUKL EFT
ITN Source/ITV
Mark Norman
NHNZ Moving Images
Off the Fence
Ron Blakey & Colorado Plateau
Tim Senden
Tourism Queensland
Tourism Western Australia
Volcano Video Productions
SPECIAL THANKS: Alex Ritchie
David Johnson
Tim Senden
Mikael Siversson
LOCATION ACCESS: Age of Fishes Museum, Canowindra
Antakirinja Matu-Yankunytjajara Aboriginal Corporation
Australian Museum
Cooper Creek Wilderness
CSIRO Hobart
Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources, SA
Dept. of Environment & Conservation, WA
Dept. of Environment & Resource Management, QLD
Director of National Parks, Parks Australia
Geoscience Australia
NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service
Northern Territory Government
Parks Victoria
QLD Dept. Primary Industry & Fisheries
South Australian Museum
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
Queensland Museum
Parks and Wildlife Service, TAS
Uluru Kata-Tjuta National Park
Western Australian Museum
Willandra Lakes Elders Council
Wollongong City Council
Wunambal Gaambera Aboriginal Corporation
MULTIPLATFORM PRODUCER: Hoodlum

FOR ESSENTIAL MEDIA & ENTERTAINMENT

HEAD OF PRODUCTION: Andrea Gorddard
ASSOCIATE PRODUCER: Kerry Brewster
LEGAL & BUSINESS AFFAIRS: Christine Newman
PRODUCTION ASSISTANT: Keah Butcher
PRODUCTION ACCOUNTANT: Lorraine Pickering
Bianca Panuccio
COMMISSIONING EDITOR FOR AUSTRALIAN BROADCASTING CORPORATION: Karina Holden
EXECUTIVE PRODUCER FOR ESSENTIAL MEDIA & ENTERTAINMENT: Chris Hilton
NOVA SERIES GRAPHICS: yU + co.
NOVA THEME MUSIC: Walter Werzowa
John Luker
Musikvergnuegen, Inc.
ADDITIONAL NOVA THEME MUSIC: Ray Loring
Rob Morsberger
POST PRODUCTION ONLINE EDITOR: Spencer Gentry
CLOSED CAPTIONING: The Caption Center
MARKETING AND PUBLICITY: Karen Laverty
PUBLICITY: Eileen Campion
Victoria Louie
SENIOR RESEARCHER: Kate Becker
NOVA ADMINISTRATOR: Kristen Sommerhalter
PRODUCTION COORDINATOR: Linda Callahan
PARALEGAL: Sarah Erlandson
TALENT RELATIONS: Scott Kardel, Esq.
Janice Flood
LEGAL COUNSEL: Susan Rosen
DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION: Rachel Connolly
DIGITAL PROJECTS MANAGER: Kristine Allington
SENIOR DIGITAL EDITOR: Tim De Chant
DIRECTOR OF NEW MEDIA: Lauren Aguirre
PRODUCTION MANAGER: Stephanie Mills
POST PRODUCTION ASSISTANT: Brittany Flynn
POST PRODUCTION EDITOR: Rebecca Nieto
POST PRODUCTION MANAGER: Nathan Gunner
COMPLIANCE MANAGER: Linzy Emery
BUSINESS MANAGER: Elizabeth Benjes
DEVELOPMENT PRODUCER: David Condon
PROJECT DIRECTOR: Pamela Rosenstein
COORDINATING PRODUCER: Laurie Cahalane
SENIOR SCIENCE EDITOR: Evan Hadingham
SENIOR PRODUCERS: Julia Cort
Chris Schmidt
SENIOR SERIES PRODUCER: Melanie Wallace
MANAGING DIRECTOR: Alan Ritsko
SENIOR EXECUTIVE PRODUCER: Paula S. Apsell

An Essential Media and Entertainment Film Production for NOVA/WGBH in association with Eden. Developed and produced in association with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Co-financed by Screen Queensland, Principal Investor Screen Australia.

Image

(Edicaran): © Essential Media and Entertainment

Participants

Michael Paxman: Kalbarri National Park
Richard Smith: Biologist
Kate Trinajstic: Curtin University
Lisa Worrall: Zeus Resources Ltd.
Gavin Young: Australian National University

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Australia: Monsters

Some 250 million years ago, some of the largest, most dangerous reptiles ruled this land. Airing April 24, 2013 at 9 pm on PBS Aired April 24, 2013 on PBS

Program Description

"Monsters" begins Down Under at the dawn of the Age of Dinosaurs. Host Richard Smith comes face-to-face with the previously unknown reptilian rulers of prehistoric Australia. NOVA resurrects the giants that stalked the Great Southern Land and discovers that some of these animals were among the largest ever to have walked the Earth. Others were some of the most dangerous. In the dry desert heart, scientists unearth an ancient inland ocean full of sea monsters. Opal fossils of some of these beasts paint a colorful picture of the exotic seascape, where long-necked plesiosaurs snacked on shelled creatures that grew as large as truck tires. The most fearsome was Kronosaurus, with a skull twice as long as T. rex. But reptiles didn't have the world all to themselves. Mammals like the enigmatic platypus lived alongside them, ready for their moment in the sun.

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Broadcast Credits

WRITTEN, PRODUCED AND DIRECTED BY: Richard Smith
EDITED BY: Lile Judickas
PRINCIPAL PHOTOGRAPHY: Richard Smith
Trevor Smith
ADDITIONAL CAMERA: Geoffrey Simpson ACS
SOUND RECORDISTS: David MacDonald
Trevor Smith
Richard Smith
Jane Pinsker
Jason Wagner
HELICOPTER UNIT: Gary Ticehurst
Blair Monk
VISUAL EFFECTS: Eye Candy Animation
Hive Studios International
Pulse FX
LINE PRODUCER AND POST/VFX SUPERVISOR: Naomi Mitchell
PRODUCTION AND ARCHIVE COORDINATOR: Amber Coker
MUSIC: Pete Drummond
ADDITIONAL EDITING: Chris Spurr
ASSISTANT EDITORS: Vinessa Trikeriotis
David Sharpe
Vladimir Jovicic
ONLINE EDITORS: Murray North
Donal O'Kane
COLORISTS: Donal O'Kane
Piers McDonald
SOUND MIXERS: Damian Jory
Matt Perrott
EDIT ASSISTANT: Blake Rainey
SOUND EDITING & DESIGN: Michael Lloyd
Lile Judickas
POST PRODUCTION FACILITY: 2 Dogs Post
FILM TRANSFER: Deluxe (Melbourne)
ARCHIVAL MATERIAL: Absolutely Wild Visuals
Australian Broadcasting Corporation Library Sales
Blue Planet Productions
Discovery Access
Thought Equity Motion
ARC Science Simulations: Australian Age of Dinosaurs Museum
Ron Blakey & Colorado Plateau
CSIRO Publishing
GeoGraphics Imaging & Consulting
Ben Kear
Image Science & Analysis Lab, NASA JSC
John Long
Mark Norman
Outback Gondwana Foundation
Steve Salisbury
Stormfrontfilm
Tourism NT
Tourism Queensland
SPECIAL THANKS: ARC Science Simulations
Australian Age Of Dinosaurs Museum
Brant Bassam
David and Judy Elliott
Emily & Mark Gladwin
Bob Henderson
Chris Hollis
David Johnson
Robyn and Stuart Mackenzie
Ian Raine
Tom Rich
Billy Sinclair
Travis Tischler
LOCATION ACCESS: Antakirinja Matu-Yankunytjatjara Aboriginal Corporation
Australian Museum
Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources, SA
Dept. of Environment & Conservation, WA
Dept. of Environment & Resource Management, QLD
Director of National Parks, Parks Australia
Geoscience Australia
Grocon Pty. Ltd.
Museum Victoria
NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service
Northern Territory Government
Parks Victoria
Queensland Museum
South Australian Museum
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
Parks and Wildlife Service, TAS
Uluru Kata-Tjuta National Park
Watpac Construction (NSW) Pty. Ltd.
Western Australian Museum
Willandra Lakes Elders Council
Winton Shire Council
Wollongong City Council
Wunambal Gaambera Aboriginal Corporation
MULTIPLATFORM PRODUCER: Hoodlum

FOR ESSENTIAL MEDIA & ENTERTAINMENT

HEAD OF PRODUCTION: Andrea Gorddard
ASSOCIATE PRODUCER: Kerry Brewster
LEGAL & BUSINESS AFFAIRS: Christine Newman
PRODUCTION ASSISTANT: Keah Butcher
PRODUCTION ACCOUNTANTS: Lorraine Pickering
Bianca Panuccio
COMMISSIONING EDITOR FOR AUSTRALIAN BROADCASTING CORPORATION: Karina Holden
EXECUTIVE PRODUCER FOR ESSENTIAL MEDIA & ENTERTAINMENT: Chris Hilton
NOVA SERIES GRAPHICS: yU + co.
NOVA THEME MUSIC: Walter Werzowa
John Luker
Musikvergnuegen, Inc.
ADDITIONAL NOVA THEME MUSIC: Ray Loring
Rob Morsberger
POST PRODUCTION ONLINE EDITOR: Spencer Gentry
CLOSED CAPTIONING: The Caption Center
MARKETING AND PUBLICITY: Karen Laverty
PUBLICITY: Eileen Campion
Victoria Louie
SENIOR RESEARCHER: Kate Becker
NOVA ADMINISTRATOR: Kristen Sommerhalter
PRODUCTION COORDINATOR: Linda Callahan
PARALEGAL: Sarah Erlandson
TALENT RELATIONS: Scott Kardel, Esq.
Janice Flood
LEGAL COUNSEL: Susan Rosen
DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION: Rachel Connolly
DIGITAL PROJECTS MANAGER: Kristine Allington
SENIOR DIGITAL EDITOR: Tim De Chant
DIRECTOR OF NEW MEDIA: Lauren Aguirre
PRODUCTION MANAGER: Stephanie Mills
POST PRODUCTION ASSISTANT: Brittany Flynn
POST PRODUCTION EDITOR: Rebecca Nieto
POST PRODUCTION MANAGER: Nathan Gunner
COMPLIANCE MANAGER: Linzy Emery
BUSINESS MANAGER: Elizabeth Benjes
DEVELOPMENT PRODUCER: David Condon
PROJECT DIRECTOR: Pamela Rosenstein
COORDINATING PRODUCER: Laurie Cahalane
SENIOR SCIENCE EDITOR: Evan Hadingham
SENIOR PRODUCERS: Julia Cort Chris Schmidt
SENIOR SERIES PRODUCER: Melanie Wallace
MANAGING DIRECTOR: Alan Ritsko
SENIOR EXECUTIVE PRODUCER: Paula S. Apsell

An Essential Media and Entertainment Film Production for NOVA/WGBH in association with with Eden. Developed and produced in association with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Co-financed by Screen Queensland, Principal Investor Screen Australia.

Image

Participants

David Elliott: Australian Age of Dinosaurs Mus.
Judy Elliott: Belmont Station
Tim Flannery: Macquarie University
Scott Hocknull: Queensland Museum
Robyn McKenzie: Outback Gondwana Foundation
Mark Norman: Museum Victoria
Richard Smith: Biologist
Maria Zammit: University of Adelaide

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Australia: Strange Creatures

After a massive extinction, diverse marsupials came to dominate this isolated continent. Airing May 1, 2013 at 9 pm on PBS Aired May 1, 2013 on PBS

Program Description

In the wake of the catastrophic asteroid impact believed to have wiped out the dinosaurs, Australia was set adrift on a lonely voyage across southern seas. With host Richard Smith, NOVA travels the walkabout continent to uncover how it became the strange land it is today. In this final episode, "Strange Creatures," NOVA traces the last 65 million years, revealing the events that shaped the Australia we know today. Prehistoric jungles retreated, replaced by eucalypt forests, grasslands, and deserts. When humans first arrived, giant marsupials dominated the land and the Great Barrier Reef was yet to form. This is a tale of calamity and conquest; how a conspiracy of climate, biology, and geology shaped the Earth we now call home.

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Broadcast Credits

WRITTEN, PRODUCED AND DIRECTED BY: Richard Smith
EDITED BY: Lile Judickas
PRINCIPAL PHOTOGRAPHY: Richard Smith
Trevor Smith
ADDITIONAL CAMERA: David Parer ACS
Geoffrey Simpson ACS
Chris Taylor
Klaus Toft
SOUND RECORDISTS: David MacDonald
Trevor Smith
Richard Smith
Jane Pinsker
Jason Wagner
HELICOPTER UNIT: Gary Ticehurst
Blair Monk
VISUAL EFFECTS: Eye Candy Animation
Hive Studios International
Matt Coller, Monash University
Pulse FX
LINE PRODUCER AND POST/VFX SUPERVISOR: Naomi Mitchell
PRODUCTION AND ARCHIVE COORDINATOR: Amber Coker
MUSIC: Pete Drummond
ADDITIONAL EDITING: Orly Danon
Chris Spurr
ASSISTANT EDITOR: Vinessa Trikeriotis
Vladimir Jovicic
ONLINE EDITORS: Donal O'Kane
Piers McDonald
Murray North
COLORISTS: Piers McDonald
Donal O'Kane
SOUND MIXERS: Damian Jory
David White
EDIT ASSISTANT: Blake Rainey
SOUND EDITING & DESIGN: Lile Judickas
Marco Velasco
POST PRODUCTION FACILITY: 2 Dogs Post
FILM TRANSFER: Deluxe (Melbourne)
ARCHIVE MATERIAL: Absolutely Wild Visuals
Australian Broadcasting Corporation Library Sales
Blue Planet Productions
Discovery Access
Thought Equity Motion
Michael Amendolia
ARC Science Simulations
BHP Billiton
Ron Blakey & Colorado Plateau
Jim Bowler
Firelight Productions
Ben Gunn
Jawoyn Association Aboriginal Corporation
Neil Hewett
Robert S. Hill
Image Science & Analysis Lab, NASA JSC
Imperial War Museum
ITN Source/ITV
KUKL EFT
NASA
Neilan Lab, University of NSW
Off The Fence
Stormfrontfilm
Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office
Tourism NT
Tourism Queensland
Visionquest/Crossbow Ent
SPECIAL THANKS: David Johnson
LOCATION ACCESS: Antakirinja Matu-Yankunytjatjara Aboriginal Corporation
Australian Museum
Cooper Creek Wilderness
Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources, SA
Dept. of Environment & Conservation, WA
Dept. of Environment & Resource Management, QLD
Director of National Parks, Parks Australia
Forestry Tasmania
Geoscience Australia
GNS Science
NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service
Naracoorte Caves National Park, SA
Northern Territory Government
Parks Victoria
Queensland Museum
South Australian Museum
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
Parks and Wildlife Service, TAS
Thylogale Nature Refuge
Uluru Kata-Tjuta National Park
Western Australian Museum
Willandra Lakes Elders Council: Paakantji, Ngiyampaa and Mutthi Mutthi
Traditional Owners
Wunambal Gaambera Aboriginal Corporation
Wunambal Gaambera Traditional Owners
MULTIPLATFORM PRODUCER: Hoodlum

FOR ESSENTIAL MEDIA & ENTERTAINMENT

HEAD OF PRODUCTION: Andrea Gorddard
ASSOCIATE PRODCUER: Kerry Brewster
LEGAL & BUSINESS AFFAIRS: Christine Newman
PRODUCTION ASSISTANT: Keah Butcher
PRODUCTION ACCOUNTANTS: Lorraine Pickering
Bianca Panuccio
COMMISSIONING EDITOR FOR AUSTRALIAN BROADCASTING CORPORATION: Karina Holden
EXECUTIVE PRODUCER FOR ESSENTIAL MEDIA & ENTERTAINMENT: Chris Hilton
NOVA SERIES GRAPHICS: yU + co.
NOVA THEME MUSIC: Walter Werzowa
John Luker
Musikvergnuegen, Inc.
ADDITIONAL NOVA THEME MUSIC: Ray Loring
Rob Morsberger
POST PRODUCTION ONLINE EDITOR: Spencer Gentry
CLOSED CAPTIONING: The Caption Center
MARKETING AND PUBLICITY: Karen Laverty
PUBLICITY: Eileen Campion Victoria Louie
SENIOR RESEARCHER: Kate Becker
NOVA ADMINISTRATOR: Kristen Sommerhalter
PRODUCTION COORDINATOR: Linda Callahan
PARALEGAL: Sarah Erlandson
TALENT RELATIONS: Scott Kardel, Esq.
Janice Flood
LEGAL COUNSEL: Susan Rosen
DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION: Rachel Connolly
DIGITAL PROJECTS MANAGER: Kristine Allington
SENIOR DIGITAL EDITOR: Tim De Chant
DIRECTOR OF NEW MEDIA: Lauren Aguirre
PRODUCTION MANAGER: Stephanie Mills
POST PRODUCTION ASSISTANT: Brittany Flynn
POST PRODUCTION EDITOR: Rebecca Nieto
POST PRODUCTION MANAGER: Nathan Gunner
COMPLIANCE MANAGER: Linzy Emery
BUSINESS MANAGER: Elizabeth Benjes
DEVELOPMENT PRODUCER: David Condon
PROJECT DIRECTOR: Pamela Rosenstein
COORDINATING PRODUCER: Laurie Cahalane
SENIOR SCIENCE EDITOR: Evan Hadingham
SENIOR PRODUCERS: Julia Cort
Chris Schmidt
SENIOR SERIES PRODUCER: Melanie Wallace
MANAGING DIRECTOR: Alan Ritsko
SENIOR EXECUTIVE PRODUCER: Paula S. Apsell

An Essential Media and Entertainment Film Production for NOVA/WGBH in association with with Eden. Developed and produced in association with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Co-financed by Screen Queensland, Principal Investor Screen Australia.