Criticism of the appropriations process often produces accusations that "pork-barrel" politics are at work. This term generally refers to the earmarking that takes place during the mark-up process, when funds are allocated to specific programs. During this process, some members of Congress will direct benefits to their own constituents at the expense of others. Earmarks, however, are often necessary, if not crucial: members of Congress are, after all, more aware of their constituents' needs than are executive branch officials. Earmark requests must come from a member of Congress, and may be introduced at any stage in the budget process.