The president formulates his own spending priorities over the course of the year in consultation with the members of his cabinet. Cabinet members in turn may be lobbied by individuals who champion specific issues and want to call the president's attention to them. Professional lobbyists, high-profile academics, religious leaders, and arts and culture celebrities are among the most frequent lobbyists. (For example, lobbying by singer Bono of the rock group U2 and by Franklin Graham of the Christian aid organization Samaritan's Purse both played a significant role in bringing about the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief [PEPFAR] in 2003, a $15 billion, five-year initiative. Bono and economist Jeffrey Sachs also successfully lobbied former Treasury Secretary Larry Summers on the subject of poverty eradication.) Lobbying at this level often takes place during in-person meetings. While individual citizens without such credentials or connections will find it difficult to meet with cabinet members, they can use letters, telephone calls, and petitions as lobbying tools to reach them.