1862 The Homestead Act is passed 1864 The Sand Creek Massacre of Cheyenne Indians takes place in Colorado 1868 Chief Red Cloud of the Lakota Indians and General William Tecumseh Sherman sign the Fort Laramie Treaty, ending the war along the Bozeman Trail 1869 Ulysses S. Grant is elected the eighteenth president of the United States 1871 The Great Fire destroys much of Chicago 1876 The Battle of Little Bighorn takes place in Montana-it becomes Custer's Last Stand 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes is elected the nineteenth president of the United States 1877 The Nez Perce Indians, led by Chief Joseph, surrender to U.S. troops 1881 James Garfield is elected the twentieth president of the United States 1881 James Garfield is assassinated 1881 Chester Arthur becomes the twenty-first president of the United States 1882 The Chinese Exclusion Act is passed 1882 Civil Service Reform begins 1882 The Brooklyn Bridge is completed 1885 Grover Cleveland is elected the twenty-second president of the United States 1886 The Apache leader Geronimo surrenders to U.S. troops in Arizona 1886 The U.S. Supreme Court overturns Yick Wo v. Hopkins 1887 The Dawes Act is passed-it attempts to compensate Native Americans by dividing up Reservation lands 1889 Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Washington become the thirty-ninth, fortieth, forty-first and forty-second states 1889 Two million acres of Indian land is opened to white settlers in Oklahoma 1889 Benjamin Harrison is elected the twenty-third president of the United States 1890 Sioux Indians are massacred at Wounded Knee, South Dakota on December 29 1890 Jacob Riis publishes How the Other Half Lives 1890 Idaho and Wyoming become the forty-third, and forty-fourth states