1876 Rutherford B. Hayes is elected the nineteenth president of the United States 1879 Frank Woolworth opens the first five- and ten-cent store in Utica, New York 1879 The first skyscraper, the Leitner building, with sixteen stories, is erected in Chicago 1881 James Garfield is elected the twentieth president of the United States 1881 James Garfield is assassinated-Chester Arthur becomes the twenty-first president 1883 Joseph Pulitzer buys the New York World 1885 Grover Cleveland elected the twenty-second president of the United States 1886 The American Federation of Labor is formed-Samuel Gompers is named its president 1886 Four Labor activists are hanged following Chicago's Haymarket Riot 1887 President Grover Cleveland establishes the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate railroads 1889 Benjamin Harrison is elected the twenty-third president of the United States 1892 Steelworkers are attacked in the Homestead Strike 1893 Grover Cleveland is elected president, the first president in history to be elected to two non-consecutive terms 1894 Federal Troops break up the Pullman Strike 1895 Utah becomes the forty-fifth state 1896 William McKinley is elected the twenty-fifth president of the United States 1898 The Spanish-American War is fought 1900 Frank L. Baum publishes the The Wonderful Wizard of Oz 1901 President William McKinley is assassinated-Theodore Roosevelt becomes the twenty-sixth president of the United States 1901 Andrew Carnegie sells his business interests to J. Pierpont Morgan 1905 William "Big Bill" Haywood opens the International Workers of the World (I.W.W.) or Wobblies founding convention in Chicago