GRADE LEVEL: 9-12

SUBJECT MATTER: Science

TIME ALLOTMENT: Two or three 45-minute class periods

OVERVIEW

In this lesson, students will use segments from Nature: Wild Balkans to explore the roles and interrelationships of organisms in the varied environments of the Balkan Peninsula. In the Introductory Activity, students will identify the Balkan Peninsula on a map and hypothesize what natural environments and wildlife might be present there. Students will use an interactive map to identify different regions of the Balkan Peninsula and the wildlife that resides in each region. In the Learning Activity, students will explore the regions of the Balkan Peninsula in more depth by viewing and discussing segments from the episode. Students will explore the habitats and wildlife of each region and the ways in which species collaborate and compete, as well as the role of humans in these environments. In the Culminating Activity, students will explore one species in depth and create a 3-D diorama or computer-generated simulation of the species in its environment. Students will discuss their projects with the class.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Students will be able to:

• Describe at least three different habitats in the Balkan Peninsula and the species that reside in each.
• Explain how species cooperate and compete within an ecosystem.
• Describe the roles that humans play in the Balkan Peninsula.
• Discuss one species in depth, including its preferred habitat and how it cooperates and/or competes with other species.

STANDARDS

National Science Education Standards

Grades 9-12:

Content Standard C: Life Science
Fundamental concepts and principles that underlie this standard include:

• The Interdependence of Organisms
  • Organisms both cooperate and compete in ecosystems. The interrelationships and interdependencies of these organisms may generate ecosystems that are stable for hundreds or thousands of years.
  • Living organisms have the capacity to produce populations of infinite size, but environments and resources are finite. This fundamental tension has profound effects on the interactions between organisms.
  • Human beings live within the world’s ecosystems. Increasingly, humans modify ecosystems as a result of population growth, technology, and consumption. Human destruction of habitats through direct harvesting, pollution, atmospheric changes, and other factors is threatening current global stability, and if not addressed, ecosystems will be irreversibly affected.
• The Behavior Of Organisms
  • Organisms have behavioral responses to internal changes and to external stimuli. Responses to external stimuli can result from interactions with the organism’s own species and others, as well as environmental changes; these responses either can be innate or learned. The broad patterns of behavior exhibited by animals have evolved to ensure reproductive success. Animals often live in unpredictable environments, and so their behavior must be flexible enough to deal with uncertainty and change. Plants also respond to stimuli.
  • Like other aspects of an organism’s biology, behaviors have evolved through natural selection. Behaviors often have an adaptive logic when viewed in terms of evolutionary principles.

MEDIA COMPONENTS

Nature: Wild Balkans, selected segments

• Danube Delta (Delta Dunarii)

A close look at the Danube Delta (Delta Dunarii), Europe’s most extensive wetland.

• Dobrudza

A look at the dry and stony region of Dobrudza.

• Durmitor

A look at the wildlife and terrain of Durmitor region of the Balkans.

• Kopacki Rit

A look at Kopacki Rit, one of Europe’s most extensive and important wetlands.

• Skadar Lake

A look at Skadar Lake, the largest lake in the Balkans.

• Tikves

A look at the terrain and the vultures & other inhabitants of the desolate, mountainous region of Tikves.

Access the streaming and downloadable video clips at the Video Segments Page.

Websites:

• Interactive Map: Wilderness of the Balkan Peninsula

This map on the Nature: Wild Balkans website highlights the different regions highlighted in the episode. This map is used in the Introductory Activity to provide an overview of the different regions of the Balkan Peninsula.

• Balkan Peninsula Map

This map features the countries of the Balkan Peninsula.

• Photo Gallery: Rare Animals of the Balkans

This page on the Nature: Wild Balkans website features images and descriptions of some of the Balkans’ rarest species. Students could use this as a resource in the Culminating Activity.

MATERIALS

For the class:

• Computers with internet access.
• Computer, projection screen and speakers (for class viewing of online/downloaded video segments).
• 1 copy of the “Regions of the Balkan Peninsula” answer key.

For each student:

• 1 copy of the “Regions of the Balkan Peninsula” student organizer.

PREP FOR TEACHERS

Prior to teaching this lesson, you will need to:

Preview all of the video segments and websites used in the lesson.

Download the video clips used in the lesson to your classroom computer(s) or prepare to watch them using your classroom’s Internet connection.

Bookmark any websites that you plan to use in the lesson on each computer in your classroom. Using a social bookmarking tool such as del.icio.us or diigo (or an online bookmarking utility such as portaportal will allow you to organize all the links in a central location.Print out one copy of the “Regions of the Balkan Peninsula” student organizer for each student.

Print out one copy of the “Regions of the Balkan Peninsula” answer key.

Proceed to ACTIVITIES

Excerpts from the NATURE episode, Wild Balkans.

Danube Delta (Delta Dunarii)
(View full post to see video)
Dobrudza
(View full post to see video)
Durmitor
(View full post to see video)
Kopacki Rit
(View full post to see video)
Skadar Lake
(View full post to see video)
Tikves
(View full post to see video)

1. Danube Delta (Delta Dunarii)
A close look at the Danube Delta (Delta Dunarii), Europe’s most extensive wetland.

2. Dobrudza
A look at the dry and stony region of Dobrudza.

3. Durmitor
A look at the wildlife and terrain of Durmitor region of the Balkans.

4. Kopacki Rit
A look at Kopacki Rit, one of Europe’s most extensive and important wetlands.

5. Skadar Lake
A look at Skadar Lake, the largest lake in the Balkans.

6. Tikves
A look at the terrain and the vultures & other inhabitants of the desolate, mountainous region of Tikves.

GRADE LEVEL: 5-8

TOPIC/SUBJECT MATTER: Life Science

TIME ALLOTMENT: Two 45-minute class periods

OVERVIEW:

During this video-enhanced lesson, students will learn that all dogs came from one ancestor- the wolf. Students will watch and discuss video segments from the NATURE film “Dogs that Changed the World,” and explore different theories about how this transformation happened. Students will learn about different breeds of dogs and create a book with pictures and information about a variety of dog breeds. In the culminating activity, students will interview a dog owner and create a poster and/or a presentation about his/her dog.

MEDIA RESOURCES

Video

Access the streaming and downloadable video segments for this lesson at the Video Segments Page.

Clip 1: From Wolf to Dog

Reflections about the transformation from wolf to dog

Clip 2: The Speed of Change

Exploring the speed of evolution

Clip 3: Today’s Dog

A quick look at the dogs of today

Websites

American Kennel Club

This Web site includes information about the internationally-recognized breeds.

National Geographic Web sites’ Animal Section
This Web site features many photos of animals including photos of dogs and wolves, which can be used in this lesson.

Standards:

National Science Education Standards, Grades 5-8

LIFE SCIENCE: Content Standard C

As a result of their activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop understanding of

• Regulation and behavior

o       An organism’s behavior evolves through adaptation to its environment. How a species moves, obtains food, reproduces, and responds to danger are based in the species’ evolutionary history.

• Diversity and adaptations of organisms

o       Millions of species of animals, plants, and microorganisms are alive today. Although different species might look dissimilar, the unity among organisms becomes apparent from an analysis of internal structures, the similarity of their chemical processes, and the evidence of common ancestry.

o       Biological evolution accounts for the diversity of species developed through gradual processes over many generations. Species acquire many of their unique characteristics through biological adaptation, which involves the selection of naturally occurring variations in populations. Biological adaptations include changes in structures, behaviors, or physiology that enhance survival and reproductive success in a particular environment.

MATERIALS

For each student:

• “Dog Breed” Student Organizer (PDF) (RTF)
• “Dog Interview” Student Organizer (PDF) (RTF)

For the class:

• Photographs of a few very different looking dogs, such as a Chihuahua, a Saint Bernard and a Greyhound. (A good source for these photos is the American Kennel Club Web site.)
• Two photographs of a wolf (full-body and close-up of head)

OBJECTIVES

Students will be able to:

• Explain that all dogs evolved from wolves;
• Discuss theories about how the wolf evolved into the dog;
• Explain how quickly the transformation from wolf to dog might have happened;
• Understand how breeding animals for specific traits can result in the altered look and behavior of the descendents of those animals;
• Describe different breeds of dogs;
• Discuss the behaviors, skills, appearance and personality of one particular dog and explain whether the dog “fits in” with the general description of the breed.

Prep for Teachers

Prior to teaching this lesson, you will need to:

Preview all of the video segments and Web sites used in the lesson.

Download the video clips used in the lesson to your classroom computer, or prepare to watch them using your classroom’s Internet connection.

Bookmark the Web sites used in the lesson on each computer in your classroom. Using a social bookmarking tool such as del.icio.us or diigo (or an online bookmarking utility such as portaportal) will allow you to organize all the links in a central location.

Print out a copy of the “Dog Breed” and “Dog Interview” Student Organizers for each student.

Print out photographs of a few (3-4) very different looking dogs, such as a Chihuahua, a Saint Bernard and a Greyhound. (A good source for these photos is the American Kennel Club Web site.)

Print out two photos of a wolf – a full body shot and a close-up of its head. (One good place to look for wolf photos is the Animal Section of the National Geographic Web site.)

Proceed to Activities

Excerpts from the NATURE episode, “From Wolf to Dog”

Downloadable QuickTime versions of the video segments:
(Note: To download a video, right click on the video title and click “Save Link As…’ or “Save Target As…”. On a Mac, press the CTRL key and simultaneously click the mouse, then save the link.)
Clip 1: From Wolf to Dog

Clip 2: The Speed of Change

Clip 3: Today\’s Dog

GRADE LEVEL: 5-8

TOPIC/SUBJECT MATTER: Life Science

TIME ALLOTMENT: Two 45-minute class periods

OVERVIEW:

During this video-enhanced lesson, students will learn about dogs’ senses and how they compare to those of humans, with particular focus on the senses of smell and hearing. Students will test their own senses of smell in a sniff test of familiar scents. Students will explore different ways that dogs help humans and watch video segments from the NATURE film “Dogs that Changed the World,” featuring 3 different situations where dogs help humans-sled dogs in the Arctic Circle, sheep dogs in the United Kingdom and a dog in the US who alerts a boy with diabetes when his blood sugar levels are low. Students will then conduct research and create a presentation about a modern dog hero.

MEDIA RESOURCES:

Video

Access the streaming and downloadable video segments for this lesson at the Video Segments Page.

Clip 1: Dog Sense

A comparison of dog and human senses

Clip 2: Sled Dogs

A close look at sled dogs and their relationships with the Inuit people in the Arctic Circle

Clip 3: Moving Sheep

A close look at how dogs help perform this job

Clip 4: Delta

Delta, a German Shepherd helps prevent a boy from having diabetic seizures

Web sites

American Kennel Club

This Web site is a good source for information and photographs of dogs.

Los Angeles Natural History Museum

This Web site contains an exhibit entitled “Dogs- wolf, myth, hero and friend,” which contains a lot of information about dogs and related online activities and hands-on activities that can be done at home. One of the featured activities is “Dog Gone Perfect Laboratories,” which challenges visitors to build an online dog for a specific task (pull a sled, herd sheep, etc.). To access this activity, go to the Artificial Selection page, scroll down to the bottom and click on “Dog Gone Perfect Laboratories Activity” in the left hand column.

National Geographic Web sites’ Animal Section
This Web site features many photos of dogs, which can be used in this lesson.

Sheppard Software Web Site’s Dog Section

This Web site includes interesting facts, quizzes and activities about dogs, including a fun “Dog Heroes” quiz.

Standards:

National Science Education Standards, Grades 5-8

LIFE SCIENCE: Content Standard C

As a result of their activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop understanding of

• Reproduction and heredity

o       The characteristics of an organism can be described in terms of a combination of traits. Some traits are inherited and others result from interactions with the environment.

• Regulation and behavior

o       Behavior is one kind of response an organism can make to an internal or environmental stimulus. A behavioral response requires coordination and communication at many levels, including cells, organ systems, and whole organisms. Behavioral response is a set of actions determined in part by heredity and in part from experience.

o       An organism’s behavior evolves through adaptation to its environment. How a species moves, obtains food, reproduces, and responds to danger are based in the species’ evolutionary history.

• Diversity and adaptations of organisms

o       Biological evolution accounts for the diversity of species developed through gradual processes over many generations. Species acquire many of their unique characteristics through biological adaptation, which involves the selection of naturally occurring variations in populations. Biological adaptations include changes in structures, behaviors, or physiology that enhance survival and reproductive success in a particular environment.

MATERIALS:

For each student:

• “Dogs’ Work” Student Organizer (PDF) (RTF)

For the class:

• A large sheet of paper or board and something with which to write
• Five small, identical, opaque containers (such as 35mm film canisters)
• Five cotton balls and aromatic items. (See the “Prep for Teachers” section for details.)

Note: For a large class, you can prepare more than 5 containers and cotton balls. See the “Prep for Teachers” section for details.

• Labels or small pieces of paper and tape (to label the containers)
• A photograph of a Bloodhound (If you need a photograph, go to the American Kennel Club’s Bloodhound page.)
• One computer for the teacher with a digital projection system and internet access
• One copy of the “Dogs’ Work” Student Organizer Answer Key for the teacher

Objectives

Students will be able to:

• Compare human and dog senses;
• Provide details about how dogs use their senses of smell and hearing to help humans;
• Discuss different ways that dogs help humans;
• Describe tasks performed by sheep dogs, sled dogs and service dogs;
• Describe different skills of different breeds of dogs;
• Explain how a dogs’ features (body, head, tail, etc.) can be advantageous for specific environments and tasks.
• Provide examples of heroic acts performed by dogs;
• Discuss why dogs are referred to as “man’s best friend.”

Prep for Teachers

Prior to teaching this lesson, you will need to:

Preview all of the video segments and Web sites used in the lesson.

Download the video clips used in the lesson to your classroom computer, or prepare to watch them using your classroom’s Internet connection.

Bookmark the Web sites used in the lesson on each computer in your classroom. Using a social bookmarking tool such as del.icio.us or diigo (or an online bookmarking utility such as portaportal) will allow you to organize all the links in a central location.

Prepare containers and cotton balls for the sniff test:

o       Pre-soak at least 5 cotton balls with common scents. Possible scents include: lemon, orange, pizza sauce, peppermint extract, vanilla extract, garlic “juice” squeezed from a clove, cinnamon, etc.

o        Place each cotton ball in one of the clearly-labeled, small, identical, opaque containers, making sure only to put one cotton ball in each container.

o       Place a label on each container. Write a different number, from 1to 5, on each label.

Note: During the “sniff test” activity in the lesson, you will be dividing the students into groups and giving each group one container at a time. If you have a large class, feel free to prepare more than 5 cotton balls. Make sure to have the corresponding number of containers and labels.

Make a copy of the “Dogs’ Work” Student Organizer (PDF) (RTF)for each student.

Make one copy of the “Dogs’ Work” Student Organizer Answer Key (PDF) (RTF) for the teacher.

Proceed to ACTIVITIES

These brief video segments can be used alone or in combination, to introduce a topic or to spark discussion among your students. The video segments can be adapted for any grade level – suggested focus questions are provided. Stream the video segments from the playlist below, or scroll to the bottom of the page to find downloadable QuickTime versions of the videos. These videos are also used in the lesson plan Man’s Best Friend (grades 5-8).

Downloadable QuickTime versions of the video segments:
(Note: To download a video, right click on the video title and click “Save Link As…’ or “Save Target As…”. On a Mac, press the CTRL key and simultaneously click the mouse, then save the link.)

Clip 1: Dog Sense

Clip 2: Sled Dogs

Clip 3: Moving Sheep

Clip 4: Delta