As protests and rebellion break out across the Arab world, R & E looks back at insights from interviews with scholars and experts on the compatibility of democratic values and Islam.

"I think it's fair to say that Islam has had some difficulty in coming to terms with modernity," says sociologist of religion William Martin, who believes that the Gulen movement "offers a much more positive picture of what Islam can be."

Bhavana Gupta says her generation will go to a Hindu temple in New Dehli and say, "Let's give the priest 500 rupees to have him do a good prayer service for us." But the younger generation questions this traditional Hindu practice and asks why.

"You can’t say that religious opinions made over 1, 000 years ago are valid for all times," says Gamal al-Banna, a reformist Muslim cleric in Egypt. "We must have a revolution in the understanding of Islam, a revolution almost like Martin Luther’s."

We have a story today about transformation in the Islamic Middle East -- moderate Muslims challenging the fundamentalists. The contest is being played out on satellite TV channels where young Muslim televangelists are preaching a combination of piety and modern life.