LUCKY SEVERSON, correspondent: This is a scene more than a few Americans are familiar with: standing in line at the Department of Motor Vehicles, the DMV. This one is in Sumter, South Carolina.

Woman in DMV line: Oh, that’s your birth certificate?

SEVERSON: Amanda Wolf has been waiting over 6 months to get the proper papers so she can finally get a photo ID.

AMANDA WOLF: I was adopted in Georgia, and my name was different on my birth certificate, and plus my birth mother and birth father was on the birth certificate, so we had to go to Vital Check, and with Vital Check you have to have a major credit card, which I don’t have.

SEVERSON: And so it went, on and on. Amanda had a student photo ID when she lived in Florida and used it to vote when she moved here, but not anymore—not under the state’s controversial new voter ID law that was fashioned after an Indiana law the Supreme Court upheld in 2008. State Senator Chip Campsen sponsored the South Carolina law.

STATE SENATOR CHIP CAMPSEN: And the court has concluded that whatever those hurdles you have to clear to get the ID necessary to vote…

SEVERSON: …is worth it.

CAMPSEN: It is worth it, that is correct.

SEVERSON: It is those hurdles, critics say, that will keep some eligible people who lack the proper ID from voting. The South Carolina law requires a state-issued photo ID, a military ID, or a passport. Amanda finally qualified for a photo ID after she got some free help from a retired judge. Attorneys often charge as much as $1800 for the service.

WOLF: To get a photo ID in the state of South Carolina you have to have your birth certificate, a Social Security card. You have to have your marriage license if you’ve been married. You have to have a divorce decree if you’ve been divorced, and it’s just one thing after another after another, and a lot of the stuff is really difficult to get a hold of.

SEVERSON: Barbara Zia is the co-president of the South Carolina League of Women Voters.

BARBARA ZIA: The League submitted our comments, along with other organizations to the state, contending that the law was discriminatory and that thousands, maybe tens of thousands, of eligible voters would be disenfranchised.

SEVERSON: State Representative David Mack:

STATE REPRESENTATIVE DAVID MACK: It’s horrible. It’s designed to suppress the vote of people of color. People of color and poor people, that’s exactly what it’s designed for. There’s no documentation of fraud as relates to voting, and there has been no problem with fraud as it relates to registering people to vote,

SEVERSON: You don’t think people are going to be disenfranchised?

CAMPSEN: No.

SEVERSON: At all?

CAMPSEN: No. The state has to assure that the folks that are casting votes at the polls are actually casting votes that are legitimate, and they are actually individuals who they say they are, who they are supposed to be.

ZIA: There are no documented cases of voter fraud by impersonating somebody else to vote for decades in South Carolina. We’ve talked with the state elections commission. They know of none, and they’ve gone on record saying that there is none. So we say it’s a solution in search of a problem.

MACK: If there were cases of fraud they would have been front page news throughout the state of South Carolina and other places, and it’s just not a problem.

SEVERSON: State Senator Campsen insists there have been cases of voter fraud, and there are some that are still under investigation. He says that it would be contrary to human nature if there wasn’t voter fraud.

CAMPSEN: And I know this: Human nature being what it is will steal. I lock my house. My house has never been broken into, but I lock it, and I don’t have to have a thief break into my house and steal something before I’m justified in locking my front door, and so human beings will steal my car, they’ll steal my money, and they’ll steal my vote, too.

SEVERSON: Braden Bunch owns Brick’s Place. He was the head of the Sumter County Republican Party until recently. He thinks requiring photo ID to vote is only common sense.

BRADEN BUNCH: It’s a pragmatic step in order to fix the possibility of irregularity or even just getting rid of these old wives’ tales out there, that all kinds of fraud and deceit is going on. If you have this in place those stories go away.

SEVERSON: What’s happening here is part of a national trend. Altogether 34 states have introduced photo ID legislation. Critics say nationwide it could keep millions from voting. South Carolina’s own study says African Americans are most likely to be impacted. That’s why the Justice Department has put it on hold while it investigates. Barbara Zia says the law will also make it more difficult for the elderly, the disabled, and students whose IDs no longer work to vote. But, she says, it will definitely impede minorities the most.

ZIA: And many South Carolinians, especially citizens of color, were born at home and lack birth certificates, and so to obtain those birth certificates is a very costly endeavor and also an administrative nightmare.

SEVERSON: South Carolina is one of several states, mostly in the South, that because of a history of discrimination is required by the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to get clearances from the Justice Department whenever changes are make to voting laws. Dr. Brenda Williams has registered hundreds to vote. She says the new legislation is reminiscent of the Jim Crow laws that legalized discrimination against African Americans even at polling places until they were abolished by the Voting Rights Act.

DR. BRENDA WILLIAMS: There was a poll tax back during those days, and African Americans had to pay a tax. African Americans were penalized when they went to even register to vote at the courthouse. They were given literacy tests and had to guess how many marbles were in a jar and different things in order to deter and disenfranchise as many people as possible.

SEVERSON: Does this remind you of that?

WILLIAMS: Yes, this is just déjà vu.

DONNA SUGGS: I ain’t never had the opportunity to vote, and I wanted to vote, and I cried because I didn’t have the papers to vote.

SEVERSON: Donna Suggs has been a nurse’s aide all her life.

SUGGS: I had no birth certificate.

SEVERSON: Well, can’t you just go apply and get a birth certificate?

SUGGS: No. I was born by a midwife in Hartsville, South Carolina, and they didn’t report my birth.

SEVERSON: In the South in particular births among African American’s were not sometimes recorded in court houses. They were recorded in family Bibles, and often a midwife did not record them at all. Donna was finally able to get a photo ID after an attorney helped her get her birth certificate free of charge.

(to Donna Suggs): Now that you’ve got your photo ID…

SUGGS: You want to see it?

SEVERSON: Sure, I do want to see it.

SUGGS: Okay.

SEVERSON: So now she is officially Donna Suggs.

REV. JAMES WILLIAMS: Disenfranchising someone, yes, it is a moral issue.

SEVERSON: United Methodist minister James Williams pastors two churches and operates a funeral home. He says he knows that many of those in his congregation and those he buried never had a birth certificate. In his view voting is sacred, and depriving someone of that right is morally wrong.

REV. WILLIAMS: Jim Crow has changed. Jim Crow no longer wears a white sheet. Jim Crow no longer rides in a buggy. Jim Crow now is in a $3,000 suit driving a Mercedes Benz. The tactics to keep oppressed has changed. They no longer beat you over the head with a stick. They beat you over the head with legislation.

BUNCH: It is not harder for a black man to vote than it is for a white man to vote. We all can walk down to the polls together and cast our ballot. It’s that simple.

SEVERSON: If you all have a photo ID…

BUNCH: Well, and the point being is that it is an equal burden on a white man to get an ID than it is on a black man to get an ID.

SEVERSON: That may not be quite accurate, but there is little chance that the South Carolina legislature will amend the voter ID law unless the Justice Department finds that a significant number of South Carolinians will be deprived of the right to vote.

For Religion & Ethics NewsWeekly, I’m Lucky Severson in Columbia, South Carolina.

BOB ABERNETHY, anchor: For more than 20 years, evangelicals have been a key factor in American politics. But one big question this election season is whether younger evangelicals will be the strong conservative Republicans that older evangelicals have been.

Last week, RELIGION & ETHICS NEWSWEEKLY released a pre-election survey with the United Nations Foundation that looked at religion and America’s role in the world. Our survey also had a special focus on evangelicals ages 18-29. We found that they are more liberal than their parents on several issues, but there were some important exceptions. Kim Lawton has our report.

KIM LAWTON: At Solomon’s Porch in Minneapolis, they’re trying to build a church community that brings a fresh approach to Christianity. Many of the young evangelicals who worship here are bringing a fresh approach to their politics as well. They very emphatically proclaim they are not part of the religious right.

Ben Myrick

BEN MYRICK: I’m one for moderation. I’m not one for going all out in one direction left-wing or right-wing. I don’t think it accomplishes anything.

JULIE KURTZ: There’s, I think, so much tied up in the right-wing that is corrupted and power-oriented, and so, so far from what Christ came and spoke about.

LAWTON: Evangelicals are the single biggest bloc of religious voters. For more than 20 years, they’ve largely focused on two main issues: abortion and the traditional family. And they’ve overwhelmingly voted Republican. But significant generational changes may be afoot — changes that could have ramifications for the American political landscape.

Anna Greenberg of Greenberg Quinlan Rosner Research conducted our survey.

ANNA GREENBERG (Greenberg Quinlan Rosner Research): We found that younger evangelicals were less committed Republicans than their parents. So, for instance, they were — while a majority were supportive of John McCain they were less likely to support him than their parents. They were less favorable towards George Bush. They were significantly less favorable towards Sarah Palin. And, of course, on a range of issues, whether it’s gay marriage or global warming or even America’s role in the world, they are more progressive than their parents.

LAWTON: Calvin College in Grand Rapids, Michigan, is one of the most prominent evangelical colleges in the country. Students here tell us they’re concerned about a broad spectrum of issues. Nineteen-year-old sophomore Emily Daher is active in politics and has been working to reduce the influence of money on the electoral process. She says she does believe abortion and gay marriage are important, but they aren’t the things she’s focusing on this election.

Emily Daher

EMILY DAHER: There are so many issues that, as a Christian, I’m being called to help with as well. And I feel specifically in this election we have the war in Iraq, we have this economic situation, we have health care, we have all these issues that are really being pushed and really need help with.

LAWTON: Daher says she’s particularly concerned about the environment. In our survey, nearly 60 percent of young evangelicals said that combating global warming is extremely or very important to them, and nearly 80 percent supported an international treaty to end global warming.

Ms. DAHER: As a Christian, especially the environment is really important to me, because I was put on this earth in God’s creation to take care of the earth and be a steward to the earth. And if we don’t take care of it then we’re just letting this beautiful, wonderful creation from the Lord just go to waste.

JONATHAN MERRITT (Southern Baptist Environment and Climate Initiative): I’m pleased to be here, happy to be here at Calvin College.

LAWTON: Twenty-six-year-old Jonathan Merritt has been rallying young evangelicals to the environmental cause. He’s the son of James Merritt, a well-known pastor and former president of the Southern Baptist Convention. The younger Merritt says he became convinced about the issue at a Baptist seminary.

Mr. MERRITT: I was sitting in a theology class, and my professor was teaching on the revelation of God and made the statement that when we destroy God’s creation, which is a form of God’s revelation, it’s similar to tearing a page out of the Bible, and that struck me. It was a real shift of perception for me. It really changed the way I thought about the subject.

LAWTON: Merritt launched the Southern Baptist Environment and Climate Initiative, which has generated controversy among religious right leaders who fear he’s abandoning their traditional causes.

Jonathan Merritt

Mr. MERRITT: You’ve got those who tend to hog the microphone in the religious right who are speaking in a way that is inconsistent with the way that the average American in your everyday church really, really believes.

LAWTON: Our survey found surprising generational differences on another controversial issue. Fifty-eight percent of young evangelicals supported some form of legal recognition for same-sex couples — either civil unions or even gay marriage. Older evangelicals remain strongly opposed. Many young people told us it’s a matter of social justice.

BJORN: Personally, I’m a moral, conservative person but I don’t want necessarily to have my kind of conservative moral values imposed on anyone else. So I would be someone who is very much pro-civil unions, but, you know, myself I’m a very conservative person.

LAWTON: Gay advocacy groups are hoping to take advantage of the opening. Soulforce Q has been on what they call the Equality Ride, crisscrossing the country in a bus hoping to generate dialogue at Christian campuses such as Dallas Baptist University.

CAITLIN MACINTYRE (Soul Force Q): Here, at these schools, the next generations of Christian leaders are being educated, and so we think it’s really important to speak to them now to get this idea out there in the open and to be talking about it so that they are aware of it.

LAWTON: Younger evangelicals may be more liberal on several issues, but they are in line with older evangelicals when it comes to abortion. Our survey found that young evangelicals are as solidly against abortion as their parents. One-quarter think that abortion should be illegal under every circumstance. But they have a broader definition of the pro-life agenda. Sixty-three percent of young evangelicals agreed that poverty, disease and torture are also pro-life issues.

The Harris Twins

ALEX HARRIS (Co-author “Do Hard Things”): Life begins at conception. I firmly believe that. But I also believe that life doesn’t end at birth. And so for me, you know, caring for life doesn’t mean I just care for the unborn. It means I care for that child after it’s born.

BRETT HARRIS (Co-author “Do Hard Things”): Well, I think what’s exciting is you see young evangelicals really recognizing that it’s inconsistent to care about the baby in the womb, but not also about the AIDS orphan in Africa.

LAWTON: Alex and Brett Harris are 20-years-old and attend Patrick Henry College in Virginia, a conservative Christian college where most of the students were home schooled, just like they were. About three years ago they began a movement called The Rebelution, which urges young people to change the world around them.

Mr. B. HARRIS: Young people today are passionate. They see problems in the world around them and they have compassion. And sometimes they have creative solutions. And we see throughout history, we see today that God can use young people to do incredibly big, hard things and make a huge impact.

LAWTON: They do care about a wide range of issues, including global poverty and disease.

Mr. A. HARRIS: We’re able, you know, through the 24-hour news cycle, through the Internet, to reach out and touch these problems. The genocide in the Sudan is right up in front of us, you know, through the Internet. You know, these problems with AIDS orphans, with human trafficking, all of these issues are more real to us than maybe they’ve been to past generations.

LAWTON: But they disagree that this makes them political liberals.

Mr. B. HARRIS: Conservatism speaks to the environment. Conservatism speaks to AIDS orphans in Africa, and it speaks to health care and education, maybe issues that have traditionally been considered, you know, more liberal or Democrat issues. And I think that the understanding is issues are not political. Solutions are political.

Mr. B. HARRIS (at Huckabee rally): We’re here campaigning for Mike.

LAWTON: During the primary season, the Harris twins were big supporters of Mike Huckabee, a conservative who also talked about poverty and the environment. They were instrumental in recruiting actor Chuck Norris to the Huckabee team.

CHUCK NORRIS (Actor): All of the sudden, I started getting emails from college kids, and especially two from Oregon. Did you just hear from them? Yeah, the Harris twins. Yeah, they — Alex and Brett — emailed us and told us about Mike Huckabee.

Mr. A. HARRIS: Well, one of the things that really was so refreshing about Gov. Huckabee for us was that he did bring a different tone to the campaign. As he always said, “I’m a conservative but I’m not mad at anybody about it,” and we thought that was brilliant.

LAWTON: Now they’re supporting John McCain, because despite their wide array of issues, abortion is still number one for them.

Mr. A. HARRIS: Being pro-life is not enough to qualify a candidate to be president. But it is enough to disqualify them.

LAWTON: At Calvin, Emily Daher says she’s supporting Barack Obama because of his stands on the issues she’s prioritizing: healthcare, the environment, and the war in Iraq.

Ms. DAHER: I find him as a very exciting new candidate to put into the White House, and maybe we can see some positive reform in the United States political system.

LAWTON: The overall political implications of these generational changes are unclear. A majority of young evangelicals are still supporting John McCain, although at lower margins than their parents.

Anna Greenberg

Ms. GREENBERG: It is not the case that there are huge numbers of young evangelicals voting for Barack Obama. But it is the case that there is more ideological diversity.

LAWTON: And pollster Anna Greenberg says given the size of the evangelical electorate, even small losses will pose big political changes for the Republicans.

Ms. GREENBERG: They now win about, you know, 75 percent of the evangelical vote. So when the evangelical vote, say, goes down to 65 Republican, that actually makes a big difference in a very close election. As these younger evangelicals get older and make up a large proportion of the electorate, I think that Republican candidates are going to have to find they’re going to have to be a little broader in how they communicate with them in order to sort of keep them as part of the coalition.

LAWTON: For many young evangelicals, it comes down to being very specific about how they apply their faith to their politics.

Mr. MERRITT: Younger evangelicals — their number one priority is living a life that is consistent with the ministry and the teachings of Jesus Christ, and if that lands them in a more liberal party or a more conservative party, that matters not. You’re not seeing the emergence of an evangelical left. You are seeing the emergence of the evangelical stuck in the middle.

LAWTON: And that could change the face of American politics.

I’m Kim Lawton reporting.