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COVER STORY:
Violence Against the Sikh Community
February 12, 1999    Episode no. 224
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Photo of Sikh violence BOB ABERNETHY: In Punjab, India, a controversial high priest of Sikhism, Ranjit Singh, has been suspended. Though he's never been to North America, Ranjit Singh has been the central figure in a series of violent incidents within the Sikh community in Vancouver, British Columbia. The violence has had to do in part with furniture. We'll have the full story in a moment.

There are 10 million Sikhs in the world. Sikhism is a religion founded in the 15th century in northern India. The word "Sikh" in the Punjabi language means disciple. Sikhs believe in constantly acknowledging the presence of God, in the importance of earning an honest living, and in sharing with others. Tobacco and alcohol are forbidden and Sikhs do not cut their hair, which to them is a symbol of spirituality.

There are 150,000 Sikhs living in British Columbia. It's a prosperous community, but that's where the violence has occurred. Yes, it's about furniture, but it's also about politics in faraway India. Tom D'Antoni reports.

Photo of langar, the communal meal TOM D'ANTONI: The beauty of the Sunday morning service at this Sikh temple belies the turmoil that has fractured the Sikh community here. It has to do with the langar, the communal meal that's an equally important part of the Sikh worship service.

In 1997, at the Guru Nanak Temple, open warfare broke out between two groups over whether or not tables and chairs should be used during the communal meal. The group opposed to the practice, called the fundamentalists, had removed the furniture. A member of the other group, called the moderates, was slashed with the Sikhs' ceremonial dagger, allegedly by a fundamentalist, as he helped carry tables and chairs back to the dining hall. This is one of many violent clashes over this issue in the past two years.

Photo of Bhai Ranjit Singh Last April, Bhai Ranjit Singh, one of the five high priests of Sikhdom in India, issued an edict banning the use of tables and chairs. The moderates defied it, leading to the excommunication of seven of their leaders by Ranjit Singh last July, including Tara Singh Hayer, publisher of the INDO-CANADIAN TIMES.

Two months ago, Hayer was murdered. He had been in a wheelchair for 10 years after having been shot by a man identified with the fundamentalist group.

What is going on here? Riot and murder over the use of furniture? Not exactly. It is part of a struggle for control of the Sikh temples in British Columbia. But it is also bound up with decades-long political and religious turmoil in India. If you ask Kim Bolan, who has been covering the Sikh community for 13 years, it is this.

Photo of KIM BOLAN Ms. KIM BOLAN (VANCOUVER SUN): We've got temples here that for 10 years were controlled by people that are now known as fundamentalist groups. In fact, in the '80s, many of those groups were Khalistani groups, groups that were fighting for a separate Sikh country. After they lost control of the temples, for the first time ever, we saw this issue come up. When these people were in control of the temples, they brought the tables and chairs in. Never a word was said about them. All of a sudden, we have people who've lost control of very lucrative temples; all of a sudden, now we have a group of people saying, "You're not a good Sikh unless you sit on the floor."

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D'ANTONI: The fundamentalists say it's a religious issue.

Mr. GURPREET SINGH JOUHAL (Fundamentalist): First of all, there is really no issue. The fact -- the concept or the institution of bungath, which is taking the communal meal on the floor, along with other members of the congregation, is a -- it is something that was started by our first and second guru. Some of the gurdwaras were using tables and chairs. And when this was brought to the attention of the clergy, they deliberated on it and it was found to be not proper.

D'ANTONI: Moderates say the fundamentalists have brought this issue up because the fundamentalists were defeated in recent Vancouver temple elections.

Photo of JAGDEEP SINGH SANGHERA Mr. JAGDEEP SINGH SANGHERA (Moderate): In my opinion, it is without a doubt -- it's a political issue brought on by the individuals who held executive powers prior to the edict. And they lost all in the elections and there is -- it's their way of getting control. Nowhere else has it ever been an issue. And the tables and chairs do exist in other parts of the world.

Photo of Indira Gandhi D'ANTONI: In Vancouver, the issue may be furniture. In India, it is independence for the Sikh state of Punjab. It was her Sikh bodyguards who murdered Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1984 after she ordered an attack on the Golden Temple, the holiest Sikh shrine. And Sikh terrorists are suspected of blowing [up] an Air India plane in 1985. That flight originated in Canada, and indictments later this year are expected to name Sikh fundamentalists from Vancouver.

Moderates in Vancouver see last December's temple elections as the beginning of an end to this crisis.

Photo of DAVID HAYER Mr. DAVID HAYER (Son of Murdered Publisher): I think election was definitely turning point. It sent them the message that the people will not blindly follow what you try to do from India, and people in North America, a lot of them are educated; they're more willing to stand up for their rights.

D'ANTONI: Meanwhile, this is the only fundamentalist temple. They are planning to build more, while gearing up for the next round of elections. Many moderates believe that there is a hit list and that their lives are in danger. Balwant Gill says he has received death threats.

Mr. BALWANT SINGH GILL (Moderate): There's still danger out there. I don't know what would happen tomorrow or afterwards. Who knows? God knows.

Photo of Sikh man D'ANTONI: This issue is far from being resolved. A worldwide Sikh commemoration is coming in April, and there are fears the two camps may clash once again. From Vancouver, British Columbia, I'm Tom D'Antoni.

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