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FEATURE:
Cao Dai
July 4, 2003    Episode no. 644
Read This Week's November 7, 2008
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BOB ABERNETHY, anchor: Back in the 1920s, in Vietnam, a group of men holding a séance had an experience that led them to found a new religion. It's called Cao Dai, and it includes not only attempts to communicate with spirits but the controversial teaching that all religions share a common principle. Lucky Severson visited Southeast Asia recently and sent us this report.

LUCKY SEVERSON: Miss Hong is having a vision. As we sat together in this room, the spirit moved into her body, she says, suddenly and unexpectedly.

(to Miss Hong): Who were you talking to?

A photo of Miss Hong Miss HONG (Cao Dai Disciple): My father and also mother from above.

SEVERSON: Miss Hong is a disciple of a Vietnamese-founded religion called Cao Dai, which means "above on high where God reigns." The church's home and main temple is located a couple hours north of Saigon, in a province called Tay Nynh. There are eyes throughout the massive temple that stare down, unblinkingly. The eye symbolizes God as He appeared in the first vision establishing the Cao Dai faith in 1926. It's also the way He appeared in a vision to Ngasha Beck in 1993. She says it was when she first heard of Cao Daism.

A photo of author Ngasha Beck NGASHA BECK (Co-Author, CAO DAI: FAITH OF UNITY): The vision I had of the Divine Eye filled my entire visual field and it came rushing toward me and washed over me and there was a very loud sound at the time. So it, it involved my whole being and it was very intense and that's why, I guess, it was to get my attention enough so that I would do something about it.

SEVERSON: Ngasha Beck interpreted her vision as a sign that she should become a Cao Daist, and she has now co-authored a book about one of the world's most unusual religions -- unusual because it encompasses the teachings of most all religions, including Buddhism, Taoism, Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity. The book's co-author is Dr. Hum Bui, a California physician.

A photo of Dr. Hum Bui Dr. HUM BUI (Co-Author, CAO DAI: FAITH OF UNITY): That's the reason God has founded Cao Dai, in order to bring harmony to different religions. And the principle of Cao Dai is that religions are not different and if we take enough time to study deep --deeply enough in each religion, we would see that they have one same principal, if not identical principal.

SEVERSON: It's a religion with one very simple, very central theme -- peace for the individual and harmony for the world. A universal religion that allows members to continue to practice as a Christian, Buddhist, or whatever.

Dr. BUI: People do not need to get rid of their original faith in order to become Cao Dai.

A photo of worshippers in colorful outfits SEVERSON: The colorful gowns and hats worn inside the temple reflect rank within the Church's hierarchy, which bears a strong resemblance to the organization of the Catholic Church. There are cardinals, archbishops, bishops, and priests. Women can rise as far as the position of cardinal, but cannot become pope. Cao Dai hasn't had a pope since 1934, but leaders expect God to appoint another one, when the world is ready.

Under the watchful eye of the Vietnamese government, it is difficult to speak to Cao Dai leaders, so we came here to Cambodia where Cao Dai officials are under less scrutiny.

And here, where a temple once stood, we were told by a Church spokesman, Vo Van Lung, through an interpreter, that members are still cautious about practicing their faith in the open. Mr. Vo believes, as do all adherents, that one day Cao Daism will be accepted in every country and grow far beyond the current membership of more than six million.

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SEVERSON: And then up here is a picture of Jesus Christ? So you believe in Jesus Christ?

VO VAN LUNG: Yes, yes.

SEVERSON: They also believe in saints, spiritual mediums who were influential and powerful during their lifetimes, the likes of Shakespeare, Joan of Arc, and Victor Hugo, the French poet and author of such classics as LES MISERABLES and THE HUNCHBACK OF NOTRE DAME. Hugo was chosen by God, they believe, to act as an ambassador for Cao Dai to the Western world.

A photo of Cao Dai worshippers Ms. BECK: I do know that Victor Hugo was always very compassionate toward humanity and did talk a lot about humanity and write a lot about humanity. I also know that he was heavily involved in spiritual contact when he was alive.

SEVERSON: Church literature says the séance that founded Cao Dai occurred as several Vietnamese men were "table tipping," a common practice at the time.

A photo of eye symbol on Cao Dai robe Ms BECK: I guess to keep the influence from being solely on one person, there would be two mediums, one on this side and one on that side and the table would be this direction.

SEVERSON: Believers of this phenomenon say if enough people focused their attention and energy on the same inanimate object, it would eventually move. It was a mystical exercise similar to one that was once popular in the west with an Ouija board.

A photo of eye symbol in temple One casualty of Vietnamese oppression is that Cao Dai leaders are no longer allowed to communicate with spirits. It is apparently against the law. The Vietnamese officials are afraid the spirits might promote anti-government activities.

It's no wonder the current Communist government of Vietnam is so wary of Cao Daism. Years ago, Cao Daists, who were fiercely nationalistic, took up arms and became known as the third force, fighting first against the French in the 1950s, and then, with the South, against the North Vietnamese Communists. When the North won the war, the Church fell under severe government scrutiny, was banned from political activity as well as the practice of communicating with spirits. But it was Cao Dai leaders themselves who restricted all but unofficial, individual séances with the spirit world.

A photo of a  spiritual medium Dr. BUI: We don't see the necessity to have séance any more because we have direct communication from the Supreme Being to people by returning inside to our heart to see the Supreme Being in there, to see God in there, and you act according to your heart, to your conscience for the best benefit of humanity. It is the will of God.

SEVERSON (to Ms. Beck): Have you always been a spiritual person?

Ms. BECK: Yes, ever since I can remember.

SEVERSON: Have you always communicated with spirits?

A photo of Cao Dai practitioner at altar Ms. BECK: That doesn't happen very often.

SEVERSON: Ngasha Beck says she has communicated with Victor Hugo on several occasions, but it wasn't to be on this day. Today, it was Miss Wong's turn to speak with the spirits.

Cao Daists believe that one day their religion will be discovered first by Americans and eventually the world, which will then become a more peaceful place.

For RELIGION & ETHICS NEWSWEEKLY, I'm Lucky Severson in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

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