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PROFILE:
James Yee
October 7, 2005    Episode no. 906
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BOB ABERNETHY, anchor: In this country, the Senate defied the White House by approving restrictions on the American military's treatment of detainees. Ninety Republicans and Democrats approved a ban on cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment. The House has not yet approved the provision.

Criticism of the treatment of alleged terrorists held at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba was one reason for the Senate action, and one man caught up in that controversy was former U.S. Army Captain James Yee. He was the Muslim chaplain at Guantanamo until he was accused of espionage, adultery, and other misconduct and held in solitary confinement for 76 days. Eventually all the charges were dropped, and his record was cleared. Yee has now told his story in a new book, FOR GOD AND COUNTRY. He talked with Deborah Potter.

JAMES YEE: This is the house I grew up in.

Photo of James Yee and parents DEBORAH POTTER: The pictures in Yee's book, FOR GOD AND COUNTRY, tell the story of a typical American boy growing up in New Jersey. Brought up as a Lutheran, Jimmy Yee was a wrestler in high school and graduated from West Point. While serving in the army, he became a Muslim, left the service to study Islam, and returned in 2001 to become one of the military's first Muslim chaplains.

Mr. YEE: Initially my impression of becoming a chaplain was that I would be focusing my work on improving conditions for Muslims in the military -- to see to it that the Muslims who are serving within the armed forces have the freedom to practice. And [these things] did become part of my job, but it was much more than that.

Photo of Guantanamo detainee POTTER: Yee was assigned to the prison at Guantanamo, where detainees from the war on terror were interrogated. He provided religious support not only to fellow Muslims in the military but to the prisoners as well.

Mr. YEE: My being a Muslim chaplain, [I] had much, much better insight into the concerns of the detainees, because I am a practicing Muslim myself. And I was better able to relay that to the command.

POTTER: But Yee says he soon felt uncomfortable at Camp Delta.

Photo of James Yee Mr. YEE: The anti-Muslim hostility down at Guantanamo was strong, not only towards the prisoners who were Muslim but also towards the military Muslims who were serving in Guantanamo. There were misunderstandings about Muslims socializing together. Why is that suspicious? A Muslim in Guantanamo who was staying late in order to do more work was seen as suspicious.

POTTER: Yee says the military command at Guantanamo deliberately used Islam as a weapon against the prisoners.

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Mr. YEE: Disrespect against the Qur'an was something they clearly knew would rile detainees and get them angered. And many of the prisoners believed that growing a beard was their religious obligation, and so the policy which forced them to shave the beard or where they were held down and then someone shaved their beard was another aspect of religion that was used against them.

POTTER: Isn't it possible that they had security reasons for wanting to shave beards, for example, or to look inside Qur'ans or to do body searches?

Mr. YEE: There is that concern. But I think what has to be looked at here is, one, what are the values that our nation holds? And one is freedom of religion.

POTTER: In his book, Yee blames his arrest on anti-Muslim hostility following 9/11.

Photo of Camp Delta, Guantanamo Mr. YEE: I was targeted in large part because of my religion. Because my form of prayer, in which I bow prostrate to the ground, and reciting of the Qur'an in the Arabic language, was the same form of prayer as the prisoners in Guantanamo. That led many to believe that if these are alleged suspects, then I must be an alleged suspect.

POTTER: After 76 days in solitary confinement, Yee was released. Not one of the charges against him held up.

Mr. YEE: I think what I was guilty of was striving too hard to uphold the values of diversity, freedom of religion, equality, and tolerance. That's what I was guilty of. I went down to Guantanamo believing that by upholding those principles of diversity and freedom of religion, not only would I have contributed greatly to the mission down there, but ultimately I was making this country a better nation.

POTTER: You once said that you always carried a copy of the Qur'an and a copy of the U.S. Constitution in your pockets. Do you still?

Photo of James Yee reading Constitution Mr. YEE: You're testing me here. I have a copy of the Constitution. It's interesting. I read the very, very first line: "We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice. ..." I believe my story very much is a story of justice. And what I went through, the terrible ordeal that I suffered through was a gross miscarriage of justice.

POTTER: He didn't get a fair shake, he says, and other Muslims know it.

Mr. YEE: I know from people that I have interacted with in the Muslim community, they're reluctance to want to have anything to do with serving the military or the government. It hurt recruiting in the military at a time when perhaps Muslims in the military can make great contributions based on our military activity today.

POTTER: Since Yee's arrest, no Muslim chaplain has been assigned to Guantanamo. Yee was granted an honorable discharge from the army, but he still wants a formal apology. He says that's the only way to restore confidence that the military itself truly upholds the American values of tolerance and diversity he holds dear. For RELIGION & ETHICS NEWSWEEKLY, I'm Deborah Potter.

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