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Pictured here in 1961, Victor Paz Estenssoro, a founder of the National Revolutionary Movement (MNR), was elected MNR president in 1951, while in exile in Argentina. Political instability in the wake of Bolivia's defeat to Paraguay in the Chaco War (1932-35) culminated in the 1952 rebellion led by the MNR, backed by the power of the nation's tin miners. The army annulled the election, resulting in a bloody revolt. Paz returned and nationalized Bolivia's mines, granted civil rights and suffrage to indigenous Bolivians, and instigated agrarian reform as well as other social measures. He later served as president from 1960-64 and 1985-89.
DMITRI KESSEL/Time Life Pictures/Getty Images
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