Part 1
PRODUCED AND DIRECTED BY
James Bluemel
SERIES PRODUCER
Alice Henley
PRODUCERS
Sara Obeidat
Gus Palmer
Daisy Squires
Jo Elliott
EDITORS
Simon Sykes
Justin Badger
ARCHIVE PRODUCER
Miriam Walsh
ASSISTANT PRODUCERS
Alexander Hudson
Tristan Martin
LOCATION PRODUCERS
Claire Hu
Vasiliy Kolotilov
Sophia Seymour
LOCATION DIRECTORS
Yang Jie
Juan Camilo Cruz
Johannes Kr. Kristjansson
Gudmundsson
Elijah Kanyi, Kelvin Juma
Carol Mansour, Talal Khoury
Benoit Pailley, Ben C. Solomon
Luca Verducci
Marcel Mettelsieffen, Mayte Carrasco
Alessandro Leonardi, Elena Horn
COMPOSER
Simon Russell
HEAD OF PRODUCTION
Trevor Lopez De Vergara
PRODUCTION EXECUTIVE
Jade Miller-Robinson
PRODUCTION MANAGER
Ulirike Pflanz
PRODUCTION COORDINATOR
Ollie Capel
TECHNICAL MANAGER
Paul Sayers
ARCHIVE RESEARCHER
Dora Baker
RESEARCHER
Anna Broadbent
POST PRODUCTION MANAGER
Charlotte Stone
PRODUCTION LAWYER
Amanda Bannister
PRODUCTION ACCOUNTANT
Jessica Forrester-Crowe
ONLINE-EDITOR
Andrew Mitchell
COLORIST
Andrew Cloke
DUBBING MIXER
Matt Skilton
ADDITIONAL ONLINE EDITOR/COLORIST
Jim Ferguson
ADDITIONAL SOUND MIX
Jim Sullivan
HEALTH AND SAFETY
First Option
INTERNATIONAL CREW
Jian Dongxu, Zeng Jianjun
Carlos Andres Lopez, Andres Urrea
Yann Jacques Decaumont, Andres Quintero
Erlundur Sveinsson, Daniel Bjarnason
Roland Gross, Benjamin Donath,
Gulnara Thielscher
Oliver Lucian Anderson, Gregory Desimone
Denis Sinyakov, Konstantin Salomatin
Samson Njuru, Lucas Onyango
Mazen Hachem, Nagham Darwish
Vanessa Bowles
TRANSLATORS
Eratle Wang
Ariel Pintor, Alberto Anchar
Gabriela Buchanan
Eyglo Astra Thorgeirsdottir
Giulia De Vita, Valentina Bianca
Hajar Abdullah, Milkah Ajuoga,
Arseni Loika, Matthew Stroud
ARCHIVAL MATERIALS
A Bu, Xie Qiongyao
AP Archive
BBC Africa Eye
BBC Motion Gallery – Getty Images
Brendan Gutenschwager via Storyful / AP Archive
Chams Media
Courtesy CNN
Dragon Wok
Getty Images
Getty Images / Sky News / Film Image Partner
Germany Concert & Vest Records
Guardian News & Media
Jing Di, Netease Cloud Music
Regis Le Sommier / Paris Match
Ruptly
RÚV, Iceland
Mustaphai Mitchell
Pond5
Screenocean / Reuters
Spectee/AP Archive
Tommy Trenchard
Veronique De Viguerie
Xtian Dela
ADDITIONAL MATERIALS
All National TV
@Madonna / Instagram
@Jair.Messiasbolsonaro / Facebook
NBC Nightly News / NBC
New York City Office of the Mayor
TVBrasilgov / YouTube
WHO
EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS FOR KEO FILMS
Will Anderson
Andrew Palmer
EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS FOR THE BBC
Hamish Fergusson
Clare Sillery
Original funding for this program was provided by public television stations, Corporation for Public Broadcasting, Ford Foundation, Abrams Foundation, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Park Foundation, FRONTLINE Journalism Fund with major support from Jon and Jo Ann Hagler and additional support from Laura DeBonis and Scott Nathan. Corporate support for FRONTLINE by Mint Mobile.
FOR FRONTLINE
PRODUCTION MANAGER
Megan McGough Christian
SENIOR PROMOTION PRODUCER
Missy Frederick
SENIOR EDITOR
Barry Clegg
PRODUCTION COORDINATOR
Brenna Verre
EDITOR
Joey Mullin
ASSISTANT EDITOR
Tim Meagher
PRODUCTION ASSISTANT
Stevie Jones
FOR GBH OUTPOST
SENIOR DIRECTOR OF PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Tim Mangini
INTERNS
Soleil Devonish
Denise Emerson
Erin Harper
Kaela Hines
Cassie McGrath
Jaden Satenstein
SERIES MUSIC
Mason Daring
Martin Brody
EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT
Will Farrell
OUTREACH SPECIALIST
Joshua Rae
IMPACT PRODUCER
Erika Howard
DIGITAL WRITER & AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIST
Patrice Taddonio
AUDIENCE ENGAGEMENT EDITOR
Anahita Pardiwalla
DATA ANALYST
Ben Abrams
ASSISTANT EDITOR, DIGITAL
Tessa Maguire
SERIES PUBLICITY MANAGER
Anne Husted
DIGITAL PRODUCTION ASSISTANT
Lucie Sullivan
PODCAST PRODUCER
James Edwards
SERIES PODCAST PRODUCER
Max Green
ARCHIVES & RIGHTS MANAGER
John Campopiano
FOR GBH LEGAL
Eric Brass
Jay Fialkov
Janice Flood
SENIOR CONTRACTS MANAGER
Gianna DeGiulio
BUSINESS MANAGER
Sue Tufts
BUSINESS DIRECTOR
Mary Sullivan
SENIOR DEVELOPER
Anthony DeLorenzo
LEAD DESIGNER FOR DIGITAL
Dan Nolan
FRONTLINE/COLUMBIA JOURNALISM SCHOOL FELLOWSHIPS
ABRAMS JOURNALISM FELLOW
Dan Glaun
TOW JOURNALISM FELLOW
Lila Hassan
FRONTLINE/NEWMARK JOURNALISM SCHOOL AT CUNY FELLOWSHIPS
TOW JOURNALISM FELLOW
Paula Moura
FRONTLINE/FIRELIGHT INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM FELLOWS
Assia Boundaoui
Andrés Caballero
Jacqueline Olive
PJ Raval
EDITORIAL CONSULTANTS
Lauren Prestileo
Callie T. Wiser
REPORTER
Marcia Robiou
DIGITAL REPORTER & PRODUCER
Priyanka Boghani
DIGITAL PRODUCER/EDITOR
Miles Alvord
HOLLYHOCK FILMMAKER IN RESIDENCE
Abby Ellis
SERIES PRODUCER AND EDITOR
Michelle Mizner
INVESTIGATIVE PRODUCER
Daffodil J. Altan
EDITORIAL COORDINATING PRODUCER
Katherine Griwert
DIGITAL EDITOR
Jennifer Wehunt
POST COORDINATING PRODUCER
Robin Parmelee
SENIOR EDITOR AT LARGE
Louis Wiley Jr.
FOUNDER, EXECUTIVE PRODUCER AT LARGE
David Fanning
SPECIAL COUNSEL
Dale Cohen
SPECIAL PROJECTS EDITOR
Philip Bennett
SENIOR EDITOR
Lauren Ezell Kinlaw
DIRECTOR OF DIGITAL VIDEO
Carla Borrás
SENIOR PRODUCERS
Dan Edge
Frank Koughan
SERIES SENIOR EDITOR
Sarah Childress
MANAGING EDITOR
Andrew Metz
MANAGING DIRECTOR
Jim Bracciale
EXECUTIVE PRODUCER
Raney Aronson-Rath
A Keo Films Ltd production for GBH/FRONTLINE and BBC
© 2021
Keo Films Ltd and WGBH Educational Foundation
FRONTLINE is a production of GBH which is solely responsible for its content.
Part 2
PRODUCED AND DIRECTED BY
James Bluemel
SERIES PRODUCER
Alice Henley
PRODUCERS
Sara Obeidat
Gus Palmer
Daisy Squires
EDITORS
Anna Price
Simon Sykes
ARCHIVE PRODUCER
Miriam Walsh
ASSISTANT PRODUCERS
Alexander Hudson
Tristan Martin
LOCATION PRODUCERS
T G Adarsh
Christina Daniels
LOCATION DIRECTORS
Takumã Kuikuro
Jason Massot
Ben C. Solomon
COMPOSER
Simon Russell
HEAD OF PRODUCTION
Trevor Lopez De Vergara
PRODUCTION EXECUTIVE
Jade Miller-Robinson
PRODUCTION MANAGER
Ulirike Pflanz
PRODUCTION COORDINATOR
Ollie Capel
TECHNICAL MANAGER
Paul Sayers
ARCHIVE RESEARCHER
Dora Baker
RESEARCHER
Anna Broadbent
POST PRODUCTION MANAGER
Charlotte Stone
PRODUCTION LAWYER
Amanda Bannister
PRODUCTION ACCOUNTANT
Jessica Forrester-Crowe
ONLINE-EDITOR
Andrew Mitchell
COLORIST
Andrew Cloke
DUBBING MIXER
Matt Skilton
ADDITIONAL ONLINE EDITOR/COLORIST
Jim Ferguson
ADDITIONAL SOUND MIX
Jim Sullivan
ADDITIONAL VOICE-OVER
Will Lyman
INTERNATIONAL CREW
Eric Coughlin, Sidney Dore,
Denise Flesch, Jamie Kennerley
Narender Kumar
Gurvinder Singh, Suraj Singh
TRANSLATORS
Ariel Pintor
Cintia Nishio
ARCHIVAL MATERIALS
AP Archive
BBC Motion Gallery – Getty Images
Courtesy CNN
Darlienne Souza
Getty Images
Getty Images / Sky News / Film Image Partner
Live Storms Media
Life Tabernacle Church
Screenocean / Reuters
Spectee /AP Archive
Vinod Kapri / Bhagirathi Films Pvt
ADDITIONAL MATERIALS
BR Proud News – NBC Local 33 / Fox44
Fox News / 2020 Election
Home Security Camera
KATC ABC News
KETK NBC News
Narendra Modi / YouTube
TV BrasilGov / YouTube
WAFB Channel 9 News
WVTM 13 News
EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS FOR KEO FILMS
Will Anderson
Andrew Palmer
EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS FOR THE BBC
Hamish Fergusson
Clare Sillery
Original funding for this program was provided by public television stations, Corporation for Public Broadcasting, Ford Foundation, Abrams Foundation, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Park Foundation, FRONTLINE Journalism Fund with major support from Jon and Jo Ann Hagler and additional support from Laura DeBonis and Scott Nathan. Corporate support for FRONTLINE by Mint Mobile.
FOR FRONTLINE
PRODUCTION MANAGER
Megan McGough Christian
SENIOR PROMOTION PRODUCER
Missy Frederick
SENIOR EDITOR
Barry Clegg
PRODUCTION COORDINATOR
Brenna Verre
EDITOR
Joey Mullin
ASSISTANT EDITOR
Tim Meagher
PRODUCTION ASSISTANT
Stevie Jones
FOR GBH OUTPOST
SENIOR DIRECTOR OF PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Tim Mangini
INTERNS
Soleil Devonish
Denise Emerson
Erin Harper
Kaela Hines
Cassie McGrath
Jaden Satenstein
SERIES MUSIC
Mason Daring
Martin Brody
EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT
Will Farrell
OUTREACH SPECIALIST
Joshua Rae
IMPACT PRODUCER
Erika Howard
DIGITAL WRITER & AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIST
Patrice Taddonio
AUDIENCE ENGAGEMENT EDITOR
Anahita Pardiwalla
DATA ANALYST
Ben Abrams
ASSISTANT EDITOR, DIGITAL
Tessa Maguire
SERIES PUBLICITY MANAGER
Anne Husted
DIGITAL PRODUCTION ASSISTANT
Lucie Sullivan
PODCAST PRODUCER
James Edwards
SERIES PODCAST PRODUCER
Max Green
ARCHIVES & RIGHTS MANAGER
John Campopiano
FOR GBH LEGAL
Eric Brass
Jay Fialkov
Janice Flood
SENIOR CONTRACTS MANAGER
Gianna DeGiulio
BUSINESS MANAGER
Sue Tufts
BUSINESS DIRECTOR
Mary Sullivan
SENIOR DEVELOPER
Anthony DeLorenzo
LEAD DESIGNER FOR DIGITAL
Dan Nolan
FRONTLINE/COLUMBIA JOURNALISM SCHOOL FELLOWSHIPS
ABRAMS JOURNALISM FELLOW
Dan Glaun
TOW JOURNALISM FELLOW
Lila Hassan
FRONTLINE/NEWMARK JOURNALISM SCHOOL AT CUNY FELLOWSHIPS
TOW JOURNALISM FELLOW
Paula Moura
FRONTLINE/FIRELIGHT INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM FELLOWS
Assia Boundaoui
Andrés Caballero
Jacqueline Olive
PJ Raval
EDITORIAL CONSULTANTS
Lauren Prestileo
Callie T. Wiser
REPORTER
Marcia Robiou
DIGITAL REPORTER & PRODUCER
Priyanka Boghani
DIGITAL PRODUCER/EDITOR
Miles Alvord
HOLLYHOCK FILMMAKER IN RESIDENCE
Abby Ellis
SERIES PRODUCER AND EDITOR
Michelle Mizner
INVESTIGATIVE PRODUCER
Daffodil J. Altan
EDITORIAL COORDINATING PRODUCER
Katherine Griwert
DIGITAL EDITOR
Jennifer Wehunt
POST COORDINATING PRODUCER
Robin Parmelee
SENIOR EDITOR AT LARGE
Louis Wiley Jr.
FOUNDER, EXECUTIVE PRODUCER AT LARGE
David Fanning
SPECIAL COUNSEL
Dale Cohen
SPECIAL PROJECTS EDITOR
Philip Bennett
SENIOR EDITOR
Lauren Ezell Kinlaw
DIRECTOR OF DIGITAL VIDEO
Carla Borrás
SENIOR PRODUCERS
Dan Edge
Frank Koughan
SERIES SENIOR EDITOR
Sarah Childress
MANAGING EDITOR
Andrew Metz
MANAGING DIRECTOR
Jim Bracciale
EXECUTIVE PRODUCER
Raney Aronson-Rath
A Keo Films Ltd production for GBH/FRONTLINE and BBC
© 2021
Keo Films Ltd and WGBH Educational Foundation
FRONTLINE is a production of GBH which is solely responsible for its content.