Cartilage
Cartilage, the substance that lines joints and gives structure to the nose and ears, is now being grown in the laboratory. In one extraordinary case, a team of surgeons and scientists at Children's Hospital in Boston used a youth's own cartilage to "grow" a chest for him (he was born without one). Other engineered cartilage is either on or near to entering the market. One product uses a patient's own cartilage cells to grow new cartilage for use in knee repair. (6) Another helps fix joint surfaces using small disks of cartilage. (4)