Name: How Deepfakes Manipulate Reality
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NOVA

Correspondent Miles O’Brien investigates the world of A.I.-enabled deep fake imagery.

Deepfakes are getting more convincing and easier to make.

How Deepfakes Manipulate Reality

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Correspondent Miles O’Brien investigates the world of A.I.-enabled deep fake imagery.

Deepfakes are getting more convincing and easier to make.

Tech & Engineering

How Deepfakes Manipulate RealityPublished: September 12, 2024Miles O’Brien: Fakes are about as old as photography itself. Mussolini, Hitler and Stalin all ordered that pictures be doctored or redacted erasing those who fell out of favor, consolidating power, manipulating their followers through images.Hany Farid: They've always been manipulated throughout history, but there was literally, you can count on one hand the number of people in the world who could do this, but now you need almost no skill.And we said, give us an image of a middle-aged woman newscaster sitting at her desk reading the news.Miles O’Brien: Hany Farid is a professor of computer science at UC Berkeley.Speaker 3: And this is your daily dose of future flash.Miles O’Brien: He and his team are trying to navigate the house of mirrors that is the world of AI-enabled deepfake imagery.Hany Farid: Not perfect. She's not blinking.Speaker 4: Pretty good.Hany Farid: But it's pretty good.Speaker 4: For a quick half minute job.Hany Farid: And by the way, he did this in a day and a half. It's the classic automation story. We have lowered barriers to entry to manipulate reality. And when you do that, more and more people will do it. Some good people will do it. Lots of bad people will do it. There'll be some interesting use cases and there'll be a lot of nefarious use cases.Miles O’Brien: Okay, so glasses off. How's the framing? Everything okay?About a week before I got on a plane to see him...Hany Farid: Hold on.Miles O’Brien: He asked me to meet him on Zoom so he could get a good recording of my voice and mannerisms.Hany Farid: And I assume you're recording, Miles.Miles O’Brien: And he turned the table on me a little bit, asking me a lot of questions to get a good sampling.Hany Farid: How are you feeling about the role of AI as it enters into our world on a daily basis?Miles O’Brien: I think it's very important, first of all to calibrate the concern level. Let's take it away from the Terminator scenario. The Terminator scenario.Speaker 5: Come with me if you want to live.Miles O’Brien: A malevolent neural network, hell-bent on exterminating humanity.A week later, I showed up at Berkeley's School of Information, ironically located in the oldest building on campus.So you had me do this strange thing on Zoom. Here I am. What did you do with me?Hany Farid: Yeah. Well, it's going to teach you to let me record your Zoom call, isn't it?Miles O’Brien: I did this with some trepidation.Hany Farid: By the way, let me just say-Miles O’Brien: I was excited to see what tricks were up his sleeve.Hany Farid: I uploaded 90 seconds of audio and I clicked the box saying, Miles has given me permission to use his voice, which I don't actually think you did. And I waited about maybe 20 seconds and it said, okay, what would you like for Miles to say? And I started typing and I generated an audio of you saying whatever I wanted you to say.We are synthesizing at much, much lower resolution.Miles O’Brien: You could have knocked me over with a feather when I watched this.Terminators were science fiction back then, but if you follow the recent AI media coverage, you might think that terminators are just around the corner. The reality is that-The eyes and the mouth need some work, but it sure does sound like me. And consider what happened in May of 2023. Someone posted this AI-generated image of what appeared to be a terrorist bombing at the Pentagon.Speaker 6: Today, we may have witnessed one of the first drops in the feared flood of AI-created disinformation.Miles O’Brien: It was shared on Twitter via what seemed to be a verified account from Bloomberg News.Speaker 7: It only took seconds to spread fast.Speaker 8: The Dow now down about 200 points. The S&amp;P-Hany Farid: Two minutes later, the stock market dropped a half a trillion dollars from a single fake image. Anybody could have made that image whether it was intentionally manipulating the market or unintentionally, in some ways it doesn't really matter.Miles O’Brien: How are we to know what's real anymore?Speaker 9: How you look at the world, how you interact with people in it, and where you look for your threats to that change.Miles O’Brien: Generative AI is now part of a larger ecosystem that is built on mistrust.Speaker 4: We're going to live in a world where we don't know what's real.Hany Farid: There is distrust of governments, there is distrust of media, there's distrust of academics and now throw on top of that video evidence, so-called video evidence. I think this is the very definition of throwing jet fuel onto a dumpster fire. And it's already happening. And I imagine we will see more of it.

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How Deepfakes Manipulate Reality

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