Scientists agree that the earth's temperature has risen. But how much worse
will it get? And, is human activity a factor in the warming?
Here are interviews with leading proponents and skeptics of global warming's
threat. These interviews were conducted by FRONTLINE/NOVA producer Jon
Palfreman.
A climate modeler with the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, he has written
and lectured extensively about climate change. His interview offers an
easy-to-follow guide to what science does and doesn't know about climate
past, present and future. It also deals with the reliability of computer
climate models, why understanding clouds is a top research priority for
climatologists, and what's fueling the heated, polarized debate over global
warming.
A professor of biological sciences at Stanford University, he has been arguing
the dangers of human-induced climate change for over two decades. In this
interview, he outlines the 'best guess' global warming scenario which has been
arrived at by the bulk of scientists. He also explains how the challenge
of finding new carbon free energy sources can be met, and why the 1997 Kyoto
Protocol on reducing greenhouse gas emissions was a crucial event for the
world, even if it is not ratified by the United States.
He is an atmospheric physicist at George Mason University and founder of the
Science and Environmental Policy Project, a think tank on climate and
environmental issues. Singer has been a leading skeptic of the scientific
consensus on global warming. He points out that the scenarios are alarmist,
computer models reflect real gaps in climate knowledge, and future warming will
be inconsequential or modest at most.
He is an influential climatologist and senior scientist at the National Center
for Atmospheric Research. Wigley was part of a team whose analyses of the
earth's average surface temperature, and how it has risen, has become the data
most cited by climate experts. He also was a lead author of the
landmark 1995 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report
which said that human activity is a likely cause of the warming of the
earth's atmosphere. In this interview he summarizes the
evidence pointing to the human factor in global warming, addresses
skeptics' criticisms about this evidence, and explains how societies are
vulnerable to even relatively small changes in climate.
He is President of Western Fuels Association, Inc. and maintains that many
scientists, politicians and environmental groups have greatly overstated the
threat and consequences of climate change. He argues that inexpensive fossil
fuels such as coal are an essential component of U.S. economic success and
cutting back fossil fuel use would seriously affect the world's social and
economic progress.
A co-director of the MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global
Change, he explains in this interview why global warming is so very different
from previous international issues which threatened the world's
environment or security. He also discusses the political challenges in
cutting fossil fuel use in the future and what the impact would be on
developed and developing nations.