Richard Pryor Put the N-Word on Stage. His Daughter Reckons with Its Legacy

NOW, HOW A SINGLE WORD CAN SHAPE HISTORY, IDENTITY, AND FAMILY.

ELIZABETH PRYOR BEGAN RESEARCHING THE CHANGING USE AND POWER OF THE N-WORD .

GROWING UP AS A BIRACIAL WOMAN IN AMERICA, SHE ALWAYS UNDERSTOOD THE WORD'S IMPACT, BUT IT WASN'T UNTIL LATER WHEN CONNECTING WITH HER FATHER WHEN SHE BEGAN TO PROCESS HOW THAT WORD INFLUENCES QUESTIONS OF SELFHOOD.

ELIZABETH JOINS MICHELLE MARTIN TO DISCUSS HER NEW BOOK, SOMETHING WE SAID, AND WHAT IT REVEALS ABOUT LANGUAGE AND FAMILY LEGACY.

>> THE THANKS, BIANNA.

PROFESSOR ELIZABETH , THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.

>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.

>> YOU KNOW, I HAVE TO TELL YOU, I FOLLOWED YOUR WORK FOR YEARS, YOUR TED TALK FOR EXAMPLE IT HAS BEEN VIEWED MORE THAN 1 MILLION TIMES.

UNTIL THIS BOOK, I NEVER KNEW THAT YOU WERE RICHARD'S DAUGHTER.

AND I KIND OF GOT THE IMPRESSION FROM READING YOUR BOOK THAT YOU PREFERRED IT THAT WAY, OR YOU AT LEAST PREFERRED IT THAT WAY PROFESSIONALLY, AM I CORRECT?

>> PROFESSIONALLY AND PERSONALLY, 100%.

IT WAS IN DOING THIS WORK AND WRITING THIS BOOK THAT I FINALLY STARTED TO PUBLICLY AND I GUESS PRIVATELY CLAIM MY FATHER, BECAUSE I DON'T KNOW, IT WAS JUST AWKWARD FOR ME.

>> REALLY?

I MEAN, COME ON, IS ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS --AT ONE POINT, HE WAS ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS COMEDIANS IN AMERICA, HE IS CERTAINLY ONE OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL BLACK COMEDIANS IN AMERICA, ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS, I GUESS, ENTERTAINERS.

>> WELL, I MEAN, I KNOW IT'S BEEN SO PROUD OF MY FATHER, AND WANTED TO CLAIM HIM, BUT JUST THERE WERE SO MANY INTRUSIVE QUESTIONS WHEN I WAS YOUNGER THAT PEOPLE WOULD ASK ME, DO YOU KNOW HIM, ARE YOU CLOSE?

HOW OFTEN DO YOU SEE HIM?

AND THEN MY FATHER BECAME AS FAMOUS FOR HIS DEMONS IN SOME WAYS AS HE DID FOR HIS BRILLIANCE, AND PEOPLE WOULD TALK TO ME ABOUT THAT, AND THE BEST WAY FOR ME TO KIND OF PROTECT MYSELF, NOT FROM MY FATHER OR MY CONNECTION TO HIM, BUT FROM PEOPLE'S INTRUSION, WAS TO START CORDONING THAT REALITY OFF, AND I DIDN'T DO IT UNTIL I REALLY GOT INTO THE MIDDLE OF THIS WORK.

>> HOWEVER THE BOOK WAS THAT YOU INTENDED TO START WRITING A SCHOLARLY TREATISE ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF THE N-WORD AS WE NOW CALL IT, AND YOU'RE GOING TO TELL US MORE ABOUT THAT, BUT THE FAMILY STORY KEPT INTERVENING, YOU KNOW, KIND OF THE WAY LIKE A PESKY KID KEEPS COMING INTERSTUDY WHEN YOU'RE TRYING TO GET YOUR WORK DONE.

WHAT YOU SAY MORE ABOUT THAT?

>> I MEAN, WELL, FIRST OF ALL, AS I DELVED INTO THE RESEARCH, THERE WERE FEW THINGS THAT I READ THAT DIDN'T MENTION RICHARD PRYOR.

OKAY, SO HE IS PART OF --HIS GROUNDBREAKING WORK IS TO BRING LIKE THE AUTHENTICITY OF THE BLACK EXPERIENCE THAT HE HAD GROWING UP, AND SPEAKING THAT WAY, AND THAT INCLUDED THE BLACK USE OF THE N-WORD THAT MANY AMERICANS HAD NEVER REALLY, YOU KNOW, ENGAGED WITH BEFORE, AND HE BROUGHT THAT ONSTAGE, AND TWO OF HIS GRAMMY AWARD-WINNING ALBUMS FROM THE 1970s HAVE THE N-WORD IN THE TITLE.

SO, HIS NAME CAME UP OVER AND OVER AGAIN, AND IN FACT, THIS JOURNEY STARTED IN MY CLASSROOM WHEN A WHITE STUDENT SAID THE N- WORD, QUOTING A LINE FROM A 1974 FILM, BLAZING SADDLES , THAT MY FATHER COWROTE.

>> THAT YOUR FATHER COWROTE?

THAT HE COWROTE?

>> WHAT HAPPENED TO SHOP ME BECAUSE I ACTUALLY FROZEN HAD NO IDEA WHAT TO DO, I REALLY BECAME SORT OF DISARMED IN THAT MOMENT IN THE CLASSROOM, IN FRONT OF MY STUDENTS, IN REAL TIME.

AND IT KIND OF CATAPULTED ME INTO A JOURNEY , A THREE-PRONGED DISCOVERY REALLY, BECAUSE I KNEW SOMETHING WAS HAPPENING TO ME ON A PERSONAL LEVEL.

I KNEW I HAD TO BE MORE INTENTIONAL AS A CLASSROOM TEACHER ABOUT HOW TO TEACH THE HISTORY OF RACISM AND PAY ATTENTION TO THE FACT THAT RACISM WOULD APPEAR AT TIMES IN THE CLASSROOM, EVEN INADVERTENTLY, AND HOW TO NEGOTIATE THAT, AND TO THINK ABOUT, DID I EVEN KNOW WHAT THIS WORD MEANT?

AND DIGGING INTO THAT HISTORY, AND IT WAS IN THAT HISTORY THAT I KEPT CONFRONTING MY FATHER MORE AND MORE.

AND IN MY OWN MEMORIES.

>> YOU HAVE DESCRIBED, SORT OF VERY MOVINGLY, HOW --I HOPE YOU DON'T OBJECT TO THIS WORD, HOW TRAUMATIC IT WAS IN SOME WAYS FOR THOSE TROTS -- THOUGHTS TO KEEP INTRUDING INTO YOUR SCHOLARLY WORK.

YOU DESCRIBE IT VERY VIVIDLY PRETTY RIGHT ABOUT THIS EARLY IN THE BOOK AND YOU SAY "LIKE IN A DAZE, I WALKED BACK TO MY OFFICE, TRYING TO PROCESS WHAT HAPPENED.

HOW COULD A GROUP OF SIX LETTERS THROW ME OFF MY GAME QUESTION MARK AS A BLACK PROFESSOR OF AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY, THIS WAS EXACTLY WHAT I THOUGHT I SHOULD BE ABLE TO HANDLE, BUT INSTEAD OF GUIDING THE STUDENTS AND TAKING CHARGE, I JUST STOOD THERE.

GROWING UP WITH MY WHITE JEWISH MOTHER AND GOING TO MOSTLY WHITE SCHOOLS, I NEVER FELT COMFORTABLE SAYING THE N-WORD, IT DRIED UP ON MY TONGUE LIKED HER, EVEN THOUGH IT WAS A MAINSTAY OF MY FATHER'S COMEDY.

IN ACADEMIA, THERE WAS AN EXPECTATION TO SAY THE WORD FOR ACCURACY.

KNOWN AS THE MENTION, EXCEPTION.

AND THEN YOU SORT OF GO ON TO TALK ABOUT HOW IT SENT A CHILL THROUGH THE CLASSROOM, AND EVEN YOU, YOU SAT ON A BENCH CATCHING YOUR BREATH.

I JUST FOUND THAT SO PROFOUND , THAT IT HAD ALMOST LIKE A PHYSICAL REACTION.

CAN YOU SAY WHY DO YOU THINK IT IS?

>> WELL, WHAT I KNOW IS THAT THERE IS A WAY IN WHICH THIS RACISM IS NOT PROCESSED.

I KNOW GROWING UP, I HAD NO SPACE TO EVEN HAVE THE CONVERSATION, WHICH IS PART OF THE REASON I WROTE THE BOOK, IS I WAS HOPING THAT PEOPLE CAN HAVE A JUMPING OFF POINT TO REALLY UNDERSTAND THAT THIS IS A --AND I THINK TRAUMA IS THE RIGHT WORD, BUT THIS DOESN'T ONLY REPRESENT THIS NATIONAL TRAUMA, THIS RELIC OF RACISM IN THE PAST, IF YOU WILL, BUT IT HAS THIS INTIMATE HURT, AND EVEN HURT DIMINISHES WHAT IT DOES, BECAUSE THIS IS CLEARLY A PART OF, YOU KNOW, SYSTEMIC RACISM, BUT IT TOUCHES US IN THESE WAYS THAT ARE SO UNIQUELY PERSONAL TO US.

EVEN AS IT HAS THIS NATIONAL IMPACT.

AND I THINK THAT IS WHAT I SAW IN THAT MOMENT THAT I DIDN'T REALLY UNDERSTAND BEFORE IT.

>> SAY MORE ABOUT YOUR OWN STORY, IF YOU WOULD YOUR PARENTS CAME FROM VERY DIFFERENT WORLDS.

YOUR FATHER WAS A YOUNG, BLACK COMEDIAN FROM SEGREGATED PEORIA, ILLINOIS.

SOME PEOPLE KNOW HIS BACK STORY.

YOU DO GO INTO IT A BIT IN THE BOOK, BUT HE WAS RAISED IN A BROTHEL.

I MEAN, 'S GRANDMOTHER WAS A MADAM, HIS MOTHER WAS A SEX WORKER, HIS DAD WAS A PIMP.

YOU DESCRIBE IN THE BOOK SEEING THE PEOPLE WHO CUT HIS BREAKFAST AND SENT HIM OFF TO SCHOOL HAVING TO HAVE SEX WITH STRANGERS FOR THEIR JOB.

IT IS DESCRIBED IN VIVID TERMS.

YOUR MOM WAS A WHITE JEWISH WOMAN FROM BOSTON, HIS FIRST SERIOUS WHITE GIRLFRIEND.

HOW DID THEY MEET?

>> THEY MET IN A NIGHTCLUB IN GREENWICH VILLAGE WHEN THEY WERE LIKE 22 AND 23.

AND THEY WERE ON DATES WITH OTHER PEOPLE, AND LIKED EACH OTHER BETTER.

YEAH.

>> OH, OKAY.

>> AND THAT WAS THAT.

X YOU KNOW, YOU WERE BORN, THERE IS A PICTURE OF HIM HOLDING YOU AS A BABY, YOU KNOW, IN THE BOOK, BUT YOU DIDN'T ACTUALLY MEET HIM UNTIL HE WAS SIX, SIX YEARS OLD?

I MEAN, YOU HAVE A REALLY VIVID MEMORY OF IT.

DO YOU MIND TELLING THAT STORY?

YOUR PARENTS SPLIT UP, OBVIOUSLY.

THEY SPLIT UP, OBVIOUSLY.

>> NO, NOT AT ALL.

THEY SPLIT UP PRETTY MUCH RIGHT AFTER I WAS BORN.

AND MY MOM TOOK ME BACK TO HER --YOU KNOW, THEY WERE IN L. A. , MY FATHER WAS MAKING IT IN HOLLYWOOD, AND MY MOM WENT BASICALLY WITH HER TAIL BETWEEN HER LEGS AFTER HER FOLKS IN BOSTON, AND RAISED ME WITH THEM.

AND SHE WROTE HIM A LETTER WHEN I WAS ABOUT SIX YEARS OLD BECAUSE MY FATHER WAS NOT INVOLVED AT ALL, AND SAID HOW IS IT POSSIBLE THAT I LOVE A CHILD SO MUCH AND HER FATHER FEELS NOTHING?

AND A FEW WEEKS OR MONTHS LATER OR SO, MY FATHER , UM, SENT FOR US, AND WE WENT TO NEWARK, NEW JERSEY TO WATCH HIM PERFORM, AND THAT WAS THE FIRST TIME I MET MY FATHER.

AND I MET HIM IN A HOTEL ROOM.

WHEN HE WAS ABOUT TO GO ON STAGE.

AND I --THE SECOND I SAW HIM, I WAS HEAD OVER HEELS.

IT WAS LIKE , WAIT, THIS IS WHAT HAVING A FATHER IS?

LIKE YES, I WANT THIS.

AND I WAS TERRIFIED I WAS NEVER GOING TO SEE HIM AGAIN, BECAUSE I HADN'T SEEN HIM FOR SO LONG.

>> WOULD YOU DESCRIBE --IN YOUR TED TALK, YOU CALL THESE MOMENTS OF ENCOUNTER WITH THE N- WORD.

I WANTED TO ASK YOU , TWO STORIES, WHAT WAS YOUR MOMENT OF ENCOUNTER WITH THE N-WORD IN HIS WORK?

WHAT WAS YOUR MOMENT OF ENCOUNTER WITH IT IN YOUR OWN LIFE?

>> IN MY CLASS, IN MY CONVERSATIONS, IN MY WORKSHOPS, OVER AND OVER AGAIN, PEOPLE WOULD TELL ME ABOUT THE IS UNPROCESSED MOMENTS THAT THEY HAD WITH THE N-WORD AND NOT REALLY KNOWING HOW TO RESPOND OR WHAT TO DO, AND I CAME TO CALL THEM POINTS OF ENCOUNTER, AND AS I DUG MORE DEEPLY INTO MY OWN LIFE, I REALIZED OF COURSE, I HAD THEM, TOO, AND ONE OF THEM WAS THE FIRST VERY MEANINGFUL CONVERSATION I HAD WITH MY FATHER, LIKE I SAID, I THOUGHT IT WAS NEVER GOING TO SEE HIM AGAIN, AND THEN HE APPEARED FOR MY SEVENTH BIRTHDAY, WHICH LIKE I WAS SO SHOCKED, AND MY MOTHER WAS LIKE, YOU KNOW, TELL YOUR FATHER WHAT HAPPENED AT SCHOOL.

WELL, WHAT HAPPENED AT SCHOOL WAS TWO BOYS HAD CALLED ME THE N-WORD AT THE PLAYGROUND, AND I GOT THE SENSE THAT THIS WAS REALLY DIFFERENT BECAUSE MY WHITE TEACHERS WHO ALWAYS TOLD ME, YOU KNOW, YOU'RE NOT STUPID WHEN THE KIDS COMING STUPID, YOU'RE NOT UGLY WHEN THE KIDS CALL ME UGLY, DIDN'T TELL ME I WASN'T AN N WORD WHEN THE KIDS CALL ME A LETTER AND WORD, SO I'M LIKE WHAT IS HAPPENING HERE?

SO, I TOLD MY FATHER AT THIS DINNER FOR MY BIRTHDAY, I THOUGHT HE WAS GOING TO BE ASHAMED OF ME, YOU KNOW, FOR NOT BEING STRONGER AND STICKING UP FOR MYSELF.

AND HE SAID, YOU KNOW, DON'T LET NOBODY EVER CALL YOU THAT.

AND HE SAID YOU ARE BLACK, WHICH I DID NOT KNOW.

I KNEW I WAS JEWISH, I DIDN'T THINK I WAS WHITE, BECAUSE I DIDN'T KNOW THAT EITHER.

WHITE DIDN'T MEAN ANYTHING TO ME EITHER, BUT YOU SAID YOU WERE BLACK, AND YOU'RE CONNECTED TO OTHER BLACK PEOPLE, AND IF ANYBODY EVER CALLED YOU OR THEM THIS WORD, YOU HAVE GOT TO KNOCK THEM OUT.

THAT WAS THE DIRECTION.

THE MARCHING ORDERS.

>> SO, HOW DID YOU FIGURE OUT THAT THE N-WORD WAS SUCH A BIG PART OF HIS WORK?

LET'S WELL, I KNEW THAT IT WAS PART OF HIS WORK, BUT I DIDN'T KNOW THAT IT MATTERED BUT I DIDN'T KNOW THAT HE HAD A JOURNEY WITH THE N-WORD, LET ME PUT IT THAT WAY.

THAT HE WAS BUILDING ON BLACK POWER LUMINARIES, THAT THIS WAS AN ARTISTIC DECISION, THAT HE HAD WALKED OFF OF A LAS VEGAS STAGE IN 1967, SAID I AM NOT DOING VAUDEVILLE ANYMORE, BUT I'M SPEAKING AUTHENTICALLY, WHATEVER THAT IS, I'M GOING TO BE THE REAL RICHARD PRYOR AND A TRUTH TELLER ON STAGE.

>> [ INAUDIBLE ] >> [ INAUDIBLE ] MY GUN FELL AND JUST WENT CRAZY.

>> [ LAUGHTER ] >> AND I DIDN'T UNDERSTAND THAT PART OF IT, THAT THAT WAS CONNECTED.

AND THEN AT THE END OF THE PRIEST THE 70s, WHEN MY FATHER IS THAT PRETTY MUCH THE HEIGHT OF HIS FAME, HE GOES ON A JOURNEY TO AFRICA, INSPIRED BY , YOU KNOW, ALEX HALEY'S ROOTS, HE GOES TO AFRICA AND HE HAS THIS EPIPHANY THERE THAT IN THE CONTEXT OF, YOU KNOW, KENYA, WHERE BLACK PEOPLE ARE DOING THE MOST MENIAL THINGS AND RUNNING THE COUNTRY, THAT THE N- WORD REALLY DOESN'T MEAN ANYTHING OUTSIDE OF THE WHITE SUPREMACY OF THE UNITED STATES.

THAT HAS NO MEANING FOR HIM.

AND HE VOWS THAT HE IS NEVER GOING TO CALL ANOTHER BLACK MAN THE N-WORD AGAIN.

>> AND IT HIT ME LIKE A SHOT, MAN, I STARTED CRYING , SITTING.

I WAS LIKE, I HAVE BEEN HERE THREE WEEKS, I HAVEN'T EVEN SAID IT.

I HAVEN'T EVEN THOUGHT IT.

AND IT MADE ME SAY, OH MY GOSH, I HAVE BEEN WRONG.

>> AND HE PULLED ME ASIDE BEFORE HE SAID THAT ON STAGE AND TOLD ME THAT HE WAS NEVER GOING TO CALL ANYBODY THE N- WORD AGAIN, AND AS FAR AS I KNOW, HE NEVER DID.

>> WOW.

SO, HERE IS WHERE I NEED YOU TO PUT YOUR PROFESSOR HAT ON, BECAUSE ONE OF THE INTERESTING THINGS ABOUT THE BOOK IS THIS IS A MEDITATION INTO THE ORIGINS OF THE WORD, HOW IT BECAME A SLUR, AND WHAT SOCIAL MEANING IT HAS, OKAY, SO AS BRIEFLY AS YOU CAN, WHAT IS THE ORIGIN OF THIS WORD?

>> THE WORD DID EXIST, AND NOT EXACTLY AS A SLUR.

IN 1619, WHEN THE FIRST 20 SLAVED THE PEOPLE WERE KIDNAPPED AND BROUGHT TO JAMESTOWN, THOSE PEOPLE WERE REFERRED TO IN THE RECORDS AS THE N-WORD.

BUT AT THAT POINT, THAT WORD, YOU KNOW, DESCRIBED A LABOR CATEGORY.

PEOPLE MARKED BY THE COLOR OF THEIR SKIN, INVOLUNTARY LABORS, IN PERPETUITY, YOU KNOW, ME, MY CHILDREN, MY CHILDREN'S CHILDREN, AND THEN IT REALLY BECOMES A SLUR IN THE 1830S WHEN BLACK PEOPLE BECOME FREE.

AND ARE STILL CALLED THIS WORD.

SO, THIS IS LESS AN INDICTMENT ON BLACK PEOPLE BEING ENSLAVED AND MORE ON A STATEMENT OF THE IMPOSSIBILITY IN THIS IDEOLOGY OF BLACK PEOPLE EVER REALLY BECOMING FREE.

IT IS AN ASSAULT, AN ATTACK ON BLACK PROSPERITY.

AND THAT IS WHERE YOU HEAR THE N-WORD USED AS THE SLUR THAT WE UNDERSTAND IT TO BE TODAY.

>> AND LOOPING BACK TO YOUR PERSONAL STORY, THERE IS THIS OTHER PAINFUL MOMENT WHEN YOUR WHITE MOTHER, WHO CLEARLY ADORED YOU, AND WHOM YOU ADORED, USES THAT WORD DURING AN ARGUMENT.

DO YOU MIND TELLING THAT STORY?

>> I HAD JUST FOUND OUT SOME CONFIRMATION ABOUT MY PARENTS THAT I HADN'T KNOWN , AND I CAME IN AND CONFRONTED MY MOTHER AT MY FATHER'S.

AND I CAME IN AND CONFRONTED MY MOTHER WITH IT AND MY MOTHER WAS PUGILISTIC IF SHE WAS ANYTHING.

SHE WAS A BOXER, AND SHE JUST WOULD GO LOW.

AND AT THE END OF THE ARGUMENT, I THINK SHE WAS TRYING TO GO LOW BY SAYING YOU ARE JUST LIKE YOUR FATHER, AND I SAID I AM.

AND THAT IS WHEN SHE CALLED ME THE WORD.

AND TO ME -- IT JARRED ME AWAKE.

I WAS LIKE, OKAY, BUT MY MOTHER NEVER STOPPED FIGHTING AND ACTUALLY SHE NEVER APOLOGIZED FOR IT, EITHER, SHE WASN'T ABLE TO.

AND I DO THINK -- >> ALL THOSE YEARS, I CAN'T BELIEVE THAT, YOU WERE ONLY LIKE 12 YEARS OLD OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT ?

>> I WAS 12.

>> AND YOU WRITE IN THE BOOK THAT YOU ACTUALLY BROUGHT IT UP TO HER SUBSEQUENTLY AND YOU GAVE HER THE OPPORTUNITY TO AND SHE NEVER DID?

>> MANY, MANY, MANY OPPORTUNITIES TO.

SHE COULDN'T.

BECAUSE OF WHO SHE WAS.

SHE JUST COULDN'T.

UM, AND I HAD TO MAKE A DECISION AS HER DAUGHTER -- A LOT OF PEOPLE TALK ABOUT THINGS LIKE GOING NO CONTACT OR WHATEVER.

BUT -- I HAD TO MAKE A DECISION THAT I WAS GOING TO --SHE HAD A HARD LIFE AND I WAS GOING TO LOVE HER THE VERY BEST I COULD, BUT ALWAYS, I THINK ABOUT IT LIKE THE PRINCESS AND THE PEA.

AND IT WAS --IT WAS A HARD KNOT BETWEEN US THAT NEVER UNFURLED.

LIKE IT JUST NEVER CLEARED UP AND OUR ENTIRE RELATIONSHIP WAS A SHAME, BECAUSE YOU ARE RIGHT, SHE LOVED ME SO MUCH.

>> WHY DO YOU THINK ALL THESE YEARS LATER, DECADES ACTUALLY, CENTURIES LATER, THIS WORD RETAINS SO MUCH POWER?

>> I MEAN, IT REALLY IS A REPRESENTATION OF THE RACIAL AND FOUNDATIONAL RACIAL , RACIST HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES IN SO MANY WAYS.

AND ONE OF THE QUESTIONS I ASKED MYSELF FOR A LONG TIME, I MEAN, I UNDERSTAND WHY --I DO STILL UNDERSTAND THE KIND OF WAY IS THAT IT IS VICIOUS AND USED BY RACISTS, BUT WHY WOULD BLACK PEOPLE WANT TO USE A WORD?

TO SUBJUGATE US.

AND I THINK THAT IS A MISGUIDED QUESTION, BECAUSE THE REAL QUESTION IS WHY DOES IT STILL RESONATE FOR BLACK PEOPLE TO USE THEM ON EACH OTHER FROM CERTAIN PLACES?

AND I THINK IT IS ALWAYS GOING TO BE A STATEMENT AGAINST SOCIAL INJUSTICE, AGAINST ANY QUALITY .

AND AS LONG AS THOSE THINGS ARE IN PLACE, THIS WORD IS GOING TO RESONATE FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS.

>> ELIZABETH STORDEUR PRYOR, PROFESSOR PRYOR, THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR TALKING WITH US.

>> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR HAVING ME.