{"id":251,"date":"2009-07-01T05:17:08","date_gmt":"2009-07-01T09:17:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/humanspark\/?p=251"},"modified":"2009-06-29T17:26:12","modified_gmt":"2009-06-29T21:26:12","slug":"spark-blog-squirrels-bury-nuts-but-are-they-planning-ahead","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/humanspark\/topics\/behind-the-scenes\/spark-blog-squirrels-bury-nuts-but-are-they-planning-ahead\/251\/","title":{"rendered":"Spark Blog: Squirrels Bury Nuts, But Are They Planning Ahead?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>by Graham Chedd<\/p>\n<div class=\"captionLeft\">\n<table border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/humanspark\/files\/2009\/06\/610_blog23_gilbert2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-252\" title=\"610_blog23_gilbert2\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/humanspark\/files\/2009\/06\/610_blog23_gilbert2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"610\" height=\"310\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>The Human Spark<\/em> crew films Alan Alda and Dan Gilbert deep in conversation. Photo: Maggie Villiger<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Walking the dog this morning and enjoying the sound of birds singing reminded me of an entertaining exchange Alan had with <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wjh.harvard.edu\/%7Edtg\/gilbert.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Gilbert<\/a> of Harvard University, and author of the book <em>Stumbling on Happiness<\/em>. The birds sounded happy, but of course we can\u2019t infer that: the real reason for their singing is to find a mate or defend a territory, and so get to pass on the genes for singing.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/humanspark\/video\/spark-blog-video-filming-on-a-freezing-footbridge\/240\/\" target=\"_self\">Dan and Alan were chatting<\/a> on the Weeks Bridge over the Charles River about Dan\u2019s top pick for what makes us human: the ability to \u201cprospect,\u201d the opposite of retrospect &#8212; in other words, to think about the future, \u201cto explore alternative worlds without having to live in them.\u201d While Dan agrees that other animals can look forward in time \u201cin very small amounts,\u201d we do it \u201corders of magnitude differently and better than any other animal.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>There were acorns on the ground around the bridge, and I\u2019d given one to Alan to remind him to ask Dan a question about whether squirrels are thinking about the coming winter when they bury nuts.<\/p>\n<div class=\"captionRight\">\n<table>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/humanspark\/files\/2009\/06\/224_blog23_squirrel.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-253\" title=\"224_blog23_squirrel\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/humanspark\/files\/2009\/06\/224_blog23_squirrel.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"224\" height=\"224\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Photo by Diliff, under a <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\" target=\"_blank\">CC license<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Alan:<\/strong> So what\u2019s the squirrel doing when it plants the nut?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dan Gilbert:<\/strong> It\u2019s planting a nut, in the here and now, because the day is getting shorter, less light is hitting the little squirrel eye and going into its little squirrel brain, and so it runs the \u201cnut burying program,\u201d in the same way your computer can run programs without thinking about &#8212; knowing about the future. You know, if Ben Franklin were to come into the present and see a computer, he would say, there must be a little man inside it. There must be someone inside who knows what to do and what\u2019s going to happen. That would be wrong.<\/p>\n<p>We\u2019re never tempted to anthropomorphize our computers because we understand the circuitry that\u2019s making them run. We don\u2019t understand squirrel circuitry or dog circuitry or cat circuitry well enough, and so we look at the dog, cat and squirrel and say it must know what\u2019s coming, because if I were doing that, I\u2019d do that because I know what\u2019s coming.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Alan:<\/strong> So we assume the squirrel is at an unconscious level mapping where it put the nut, have we found out they just keep digging till they find the nut?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dan:<\/strong> We can\u2019t know for sure what the squirrel\u2019s doing in its own mind, but I would suggest that squirrels do everything at the unconscious level because they\u2019re not conscious, so everything they\u2019re doing is some sort of program. A squirrel is an amazing automaton. Now that\u2019s not with any disrespect to squirrels&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Alan:<\/strong> If we get letters from squirrels, I\u2019m sending them to you. I don\u2019t want \tto deal with squirrel letters&#8230;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Or chimpanzees, if it comes to that. There is much debate among researchers about whether chimps plan for the future. Mostly this revolves around whether chimps think how they might use a rock or stick in some later task, and the debate\u2019s been further enlivened recently with the report of the chimp in the Danish zoo apparently <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/humanspark\/topics\/primates\/in-the-news-primate-planning\/209\/\" target=\"_self\">stockpiling stones to throw at visitors<\/a>. But even if they do think ahead an hour or two, while that\u2019s more than any other animal that\u2019s been studied, Dan Gilbert is pretty sure they\u2019re not planning for retirement.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Graham Chedd<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Graham Chedd The Human Spark crew films Alan Alda and Dan Gilbert deep in conversation. Photo: Maggie Villiger Walking the dog this morning and enjoying the sound of birds singing reminded me of an entertaining exchange Alan had with Dan Gilbert of Harvard University, and author of the book Stumbling on Happiness. The birds [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[267,505,653],"tags":[508,567,4530,5494],"class_list":["post-251","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-behind-the-scenes","category-blog","category-primates","tag-chimpanzees","tag-graham-chedd","tag-planning","tag-squirrels"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Spark Blog: Squirrels Bury Nuts, But Are They Planning Ahead? | The Human Spark | PBS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/humanspark\/topics\/behind-the-scenes\/spark-blog-squirrels-bury-nuts-but-are-they-planning-ahead\/251\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Spark Blog: Squirrels Bury Nuts, But Are They Planning Ahead? | The Human Spark | PBS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"by Graham Chedd The Human Spark crew films Alan Alda and Dan Gilbert deep in conversation. 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