{"id":359,"date":"2013-03-29T20:16:15","date_gmt":"2013-03-29T20:16:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/?page_id=359"},"modified":"2018-11-12T11:03:11","modified_gmt":"2018-11-12T16:03:11","slug":"origins-map","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/origins-map\/","title":{"rendered":"Origins of Palestine Symphony Members"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Palestine Symphony Orchestra was made up of Jewish musicians from the top ranks of orchestra and chamber music groups across Europe. Nearly 80 musicians joined, with only a few already living in Palestine. Those who moved from Europe brought their families, which meant Bronislaw Huberman’s efforts to found the orchestra under the threat of a pending Holocaust ultimately saved nearly 1,000 lives. It was not an easy decision for musicians to leave their homes and professional associations in Europe and move to Palestine, a desert land in political transition since the end of World War I. But particularly in Germany, Jewish musicians had lost positions in orchestras because of their ethnicity. As early as 1933, Hitler ordered the firing of Jewish musicians and his anti-Semitic policies increasingly became laws that stripped Jews of their civil rights.
\nClick map points to see names of members and orchestras they played for prior to 1936.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Not shown on map: The U.S., where two members played, and Argentina, where one member once performed. Countries of origin for 10 founding symphony members are unconfirmed.<\/em><\/p>\n

Orchestra concert programs do not often list many details about its members. The 1936\/37 season opening concert program of the Palestine Symphony Orchestra listed the musicians by instrument section, and cited the music group each member had performed with previously, nearly all in Europe, as well as their teaching distinctions. Below are the names of members as listed in that historic program.<\/p>\n

Original Orchestra Members Listed in 1936\/37 Opening Concert<\/h3>\n

Argentina<\/strong>
\nBoris Rogoff, second violins. Philharmonic Orchestra Buenos Aires<\/p>\n

Austria<\/strong>
\nFelix Galimir, first violins. Leader of the Galimir Quartett and of the Vienna Concert-Orchestra
\nDavid Gr\u00fcnschlag, first violins. Vienna Concert-Orchestra
\nHeinrich Haftel, first violins. Vienna Concert-Orchestra
\nAlfred Lunger, first violins. Vienna Concert-Orchestra
\nLotte Hammerschlag, violas. Leader, Vienna Concert-Orchestra
\nRen\u00e9e Galimir, violas. Member of Galimir Quartett
\nDr. Hans Levitus, clarinet. First Clarinet, National Theatre Linz
\nGustav Totzler, tuba. Orchester-Verein, Vienna<\/p>\n

Czechoslovakia<\/strong>
\nSzlomo Bor, second violin. Symphony Orchestra Prague
\nOskar Heller, trombone. National Theatre Kosice<\/p>\n

France<\/strong>
\nSchulamith Silber-Chajes, first violins. Broadcasting Orchestra Paris
\nBen Ami Silber, second violins. Broadcasting Orchestra Paris
\nAszer Borochow, second violins. Orchestra Cort\u00f4t Paris
\n <\/strong><\/p>\n

Germany<\/strong>
\nRudolf Bergmann, leader, first violins. Leader, Municipal Orchestra, Wiesbaden; New Opera, Hamburg
\nBasia Polischuk, first violins. Leader, J\u00fcdische Kulturbund, Berlin
\nAndreas Weissgerber, first violins. Germany (immigrated to Palestine 1933).
\nKlecki Mnasza, second violins. Gewandthaus Leipzig
\nHarry Blumberg, violas. Berlin String Quartet
\nJacob Bernstein, violoncelli. Leader, Philharmonic Orchestra Stockholm; Leipzig Symphony Orchestra
\nAry Schuyer, violoncelli. Leader, Frankfurt Opera and Museum Orchestra
\nAlbert Katz, violoncelli. Leader, Leipzig Symphony Orchestra
\nJosef Weissgerber, violoncelli. Germany (immigrated to Palestine 1933).
\nErnst Boehm, bass. Leader, Broadcasting Orchestra Cologne; Orchestra J\u00fcdische Kulturbund, Frankfurt a. M.
\nSalomon Engelsman, flute. First flute, Dresden Philharmonic Orchestra
\nErich Toeplitz, flute. Orchestra J\u00fcdische Kulturbund, Frankfurt a. M.
\nHeinrich Zimmermann, clarinet. First Clarinet, Orchestra J\u00fcdische Kulturbund, Frankfurt a. M.; Municipal Orchestra Wiesbaden
\nHorst Salomon, horn. First Horn, Orchestra J\u00fcdische Kulturbund, Berlin
\nWolf Sprecher, horn. Opera and Municipal Orchestra Saarbr\u00fccken
\nMischa Rakier, trumpet. Dresden Philharmonic Orchestra; Municipal Orchestra Saarbr\u00fccken
\nHeinrich Schiefer, trombone. First Trombone, Orchestra J\u00fcdische Kulturbund, Berlin
\nKurt Sommerfeld, timpani. Berlin Kulturbund Orchestra<\/p>\n

Georgia<\/strong>
\nMordechai Pinski, bass. Professor at the Conservatory of Music in Tiflis (Tblisi, Georgia, today, in 1936, part of Russia).<\/p>\n

Hungary<\/strong>
\nLorand F\u00e9nyves, first violins. Second Leader, Budapest Concert-Orchestra and Budapest Philharmonic Orchestra
\nAlice F\u00e9nyves, violas. Budapest Municipal Orchestra
\nDr. Laszlo Vincze, violoncelli. Leader, Budapest Concert-Orchestra
\nTibor Silk, horn. First Horn, Budapest Concert-Orchestra<\/p>\n

Italy<\/strong>
\nAdolfo Farnesi, bass. Leader, Broadcasting Orchestra Rome
\nHans Sachs, trumpet. First Trumpet, Orchestra Municipale San Remo<\/p>\n

Latvia<\/strong>
\nIsrael Segall, timpani. Symphony Orchestra and Opera, Riga<\/p>\n

Netherlands<\/strong>
\nSalomon van den Berg, oboe. \u201cResidenz-Orchestra\u201d The Hague.
\nLouis Staal, clarinet. First Clarinet, Haag\u2019sche Symphony Orchestra
\nJosef Samson de Groen, bassoon. First Bassoon, Philharmonic Orchestra Groningen<\/p>\n

Poland<\/strong>
\nMieczyslaw Fliederbaum, first violins. Leader, Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra
\nJacob Surowicz, second violins. Leader, Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra
\nMoszek Lewak, second violins. Leader, Philharmonic Lodz
\nMosze Sztyglic, second violins. Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra
\nAlfred Ginzbarg, second violins. Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra
\nLiftman Boruch, second violins. Opera Warsaw
\nPelssach Ginzbarg, violas. Leader, Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra
\nBloeslaw Ginbarg, violoncelli. Leader, Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra
\nAbraham Wenger, bass. Leader, Philharmonic Orchestra Lodz
\nLeon Szulc, bassoon. First Bassoon, Vienna State Opera; Professor of the Warsaw Conservatory
\nBronislaw Szulc, horn. Frist Horn, Warsaw Opera; Professor of the Warsaw Conservatory; Conductor of the Scottish Orchestra in Glasgow and the Lodz Philharmonic Orchestra
\nZwi Feldmann, trumpet. Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra
\nMichal Podemski, trombone. First Trombone, Philharmonic Orchestra Lodz
\nBronzislaw Ginzbarg, timpani. Broadcasting Orchestra Warsaw<\/p>\n

Russia<\/strong>
\nSeew Mirkin, bass. Leader, Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra (today\u2019s St. Petersburg)<\/p>\n

Switzerland<\/strong>
\nDea Gombrich, first violins. Adolf Busch Chamber-Orchestra<\/p>\n

Croatia<\/strong>
\nJaroslaw Front, violas. Leader, Philharmonic Orchestra and Opera, Zagreb. (Yugoslavia in 1936)<\/p>\n

Ukraine<\/strong>
\nMarek Rak, first violin. Leader, Lemberg Philharmonic Orchestra and Opera (Lemberg is now Lviv in Ukraine)<\/p>\n

United States<\/strong>
\nJacob Shumer, flute. First flute, Chicago Symphony Orchestra
\nJosef Marx, oboe. First oboe, Symphony Orchestra Dayton, Ohio; Broadcasting Station Cincinnati, Ohio<\/p>\n

No associations given in program<\/strong><\/p>\n

Joseph Bernstein, first violins
\nRaja Berson, second violins
\nSelmar Chasin, second violins
\nDora Loeb, violas
\nChaim Bor, violas
\nAdolfo Odnoposoff, violoncelli
\nChaim Bodenstajn, violoncelli<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Palestine Symphony Orchestra was made up of Jewish musicians from the top ranks of orchestra and chamber music groups across Europe. Nearly 80 musicians joined, with only a few already living in Palestine. Those Read more >><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":46,"featured_media":688,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-359","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nOrigins of Palestine Symphony Members | Orchestra of Exiles | PBS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A map of Europe shows where the original members of the Palestine Symphony Orchestra came from, and the European orchestras they played for.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/origins-map\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Origins of Palestine Symphony Members | Orchestra of Exiles | PBS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A map of Europe shows where the original members of the Palestine Symphony Orchestra came from, and the European orchestras they played for.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/origins-map\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Orchestra of Exiles | PBS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-11-12T16:03:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/files\/2013\/03\/exiles-map-home-zone-revised.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"310\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"310\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/origins-map\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/origins-map\/\",\"name\":\"Origins of Palestine Symphony Members | Orchestra of Exiles | PBS\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/origins-map\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/origins-map\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/files\/2013\/03\/exiles-map-home-zone-revised.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-03-29T20:16:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-11-12T16:03:11+00:00\",\"description\":\"A map of Europe shows where the original members of the Palestine Symphony Orchestra came from, and the European orchestras they played for.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/origins-map\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/origins-map\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/files\/2013\/03\/exiles-map-home-zone-revised.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/files\/2013\/03\/exiles-map-home-zone-revised.png\",\"width\":\"310\",\"height\":\"310\",\"caption\":\"Origins of Palestine Symphony Orchestra members\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/\",\"name\":\"Orchestra of Exiles | PBS\",\"description\":\"How a violinist saved lives and fought the Nazis with music\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/search-results\/?q={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Origins of Palestine Symphony Members | Orchestra of Exiles | PBS","description":"A map of Europe shows where the original members of the Palestine Symphony Orchestra came from, and the European orchestras they played for.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/origins-map\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Origins of Palestine Symphony Members | Orchestra of Exiles | PBS","og_description":"A map of Europe shows where the original members of the Palestine Symphony Orchestra came from, and the European orchestras they played for.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/origins-map\/","og_site_name":"Orchestra of Exiles | PBS","article_modified_time":"2018-11-12T16:03:11+00:00","og_image":[{"width":310,"height":310,"url":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/files\/2013\/03\/exiles-map-home-zone-revised.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/origins-map\/","url":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/origins-map\/","name":"Origins of Palestine Symphony Members | Orchestra of Exiles | PBS","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/origins-map\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/origins-map\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/files\/2013\/03\/exiles-map-home-zone-revised.png","datePublished":"2013-03-29T20:16:15+00:00","dateModified":"2018-11-12T16:03:11+00:00","description":"A map of Europe shows where the original members of the Palestine Symphony Orchestra came from, and the European orchestras they played for.","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/origins-map\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/origins-map\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/files\/2013\/03\/exiles-map-home-zone-revised.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/files\/2013\/03\/exiles-map-home-zone-revised.png","width":"310","height":"310","caption":"Origins of Palestine Symphony Orchestra members"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/","name":"Orchestra of Exiles | PBS","description":"How a violinist saved lives and fought the Nazis with music","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/search-results\/?q={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/359","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/46"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=359"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/359\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":944,"href":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/359\/revisions\/944"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/688"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/orchestra-of-exiles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=359"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}