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On the eve of the First World War, Turkey was ruled by the Young Turks, a group of military officers who rebelled against the ruling Sultan and deposed him in 1909.
Led by Enver Pasha in Constantinople, the Young Turks reformed the Ottoman administration and attempted to modernize the nation.
But their close working relationship with Germany - cemented by the construction of a railway from Berlin to Baghdad - was to drag them into a system of alliances that would turn Europe violently on its head over the next four years.
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Europe | Ottoman
Empire | Egypt | Mecca
| Arab Revolt | Palestine
| Syria | Modern
Middle East
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The railway stretching from Berlin to Baghdad was an important supply route and communications network for the Ottoman Empire.
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