At the Nuremberg "Doctors Trial," Dr. Leo Alexander points at scars on the leg of Polish survivor Jadwiga Dzido, who endured sulfanilamide experiments at Ravensbruck concentration camp.

"Dr. Rascher, although he wallowed in blood ... and in obscenity ... nevertheless appears to have settled the question of what to do for people in shock from exposure to cold ... The final report satisfies all the criteria of objective and accurate observation and interpretation ... The method of rapid and intensive rewarming in hot water ... should be immediately adopted as the treatment of choice by the Air-Sea Rescue Services of the United States Armed Forces."

—Maj. Leo Alexander, U.S. Army doctor who served as aide to the chief counsel of the Nuremberg war-crimes trial and authored an oft-cited 1945 report on the Dachau hypothermia experiments. While Alexander later concluded the results were undependable, other medical experts, most recently hypothermia researchers Robert Pozos and John Hayward, have claimed that the data are useful [36]

"The goal of science is to produce new knowledge. If, during unethically conducted experiments, one valid scientific fact is produced, should that information be used as it has been, referenced in the literature as it has been, or just discarded?"

—Jay Katz (Yale University School of Law) and Robert S. Pozos (hypothermia expert) [37]

"I don't want to have to use this data, but there is no other and will be no other in an ethical world."

—Dr. John S. Hayward, hypothermia expert at University of Victoria University, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, on why he used Nazi hypothermia data in his research [38]

"To justify the use of Nazi data in a research article, I would expect scientists to use the findings only in circumstances where the scientific validity is clear and where there is no alternative source of information."

—Kristine Moe, journalist [39]