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Many studios eliminate their effects departments, and a new generation of independents moves in to fill the gap. 1961
1963 "Cleopatra," the effects Oscar winner for 1963, premieres. Its $44 million budget, $300 million in today's dollars, makes it the most expensive film ever made. In addition to extensive effects, the film also includes a set of the Roman Forum larger than the real thing and a full-scale barge with a gilded stern. 1968 After three years in production, "2001: A Space Odyssey" premieres. The meticulously researched art direction and effects, including an early form of motion control and the slit-scan technique used for the dazzling Stargate Corridor sequence, set a new standard for special effects. Continue: 1970s Photos/illustrations: (1) Graphic Films; (2) Reprinted with permission of MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Mass. Reel Timeline | 50-Foot Chicken | Wizards of Ahs | Be in Pixels Titanic: What's Real | Virtual Humans | Resources | Teacher's Guide Transcript | Site Map | Special Effects Home Editor's Picks | Previous Sites | Join Us/E-mail | TV/Web Schedule About NOVA | Teachers | Site Map | Shop | Jobs | Search | To print PBS Online | NOVA Online | WGBH © | Updated November 2000 |
Early conceptual design for "2001: A Space Odyssey"
Ivan Sutherland demonstrates Sketchpad.