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This two-hour program is divided into 10 chapters. Choose any
chapter below and select QuickTime or Windows Media Player to begin viewing the
video. If you experience difficulty viewing, it may be due to high demand. We
regret this and suggest you try back at another time.
Technical Help | Feedback | Program Credits | Program Transcript | For Teachers
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A MALEVOLENT FORCE
For most of human history,
cold was an unexplained phenomenon that was seen as some sort of primordial
substance.
running time 8:59
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QUANTIFYING COLD
By the mid-17th century,
the development of accurate thermometers made it possible to measure degrees of
hot and cold.
running time 10:17
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THE ICE TRADE
In the 19th century, New
England's ice began refrigerating the world, and the ice industry
employed tens of thousands of people.
running time 8:39
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COLD ENGINES
Ironically, it was a
better understanding of the relationship between heat and work that allowed
engineers to produce artificial ice.
running time 10:41
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THE COLD RESOURCE
Control of cold
transformed city life, and completely changed the global society and economy.
running time 9:41
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THE HOLY GRAIL
By the mid-1800s the race
was on to reach the coldest temperature possible—minus 273 degrees
Celsius, or 0 degrees Kelvin.
running time 10:22
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A TEMPERATURE CASCADE
By 1899, Scottish
scientist James Dewar succeeded in producing solid hydrogen and lowered the
coldest temperature on record to minus 259 degrees Celsius.
running time 9:33
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SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
As scientists drew ever
closer to absolute zero, they discovered an unexpected
phenomenon—superconductivity.
running time 10:19
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A NEW STATE OF MATTER
Just one-billionth of a
degree above absolute zero, scientists created a bizarre new state of matter, a
Bose-Einstein condensate.
running time 11:55
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APPLICATIONS
The quantum nature of the
cold frontier has captured imaginations and may lead to new technologies such
as quantum computing.
running time 7:55
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