This post was originally published in June 2023 and has been updated.

In 1865, Union Army Gen. Gordon Granger arrived in Galveston, Texas, to enforce the that the country's last enslaved people that they had been freed under the Emancipation Proclamation two years earlier.

However, "Enslavers across the state resisted the general’s order, hiding the news from enslaved Black people," according to historians, "Many Black people were forced to continue to labor under the oppression of ruthless enslavers and unscrupulous plantation owners."

Often, liberation of enslaved people could only be achieved through the coercion of the Union army or resistance of Black people and,as historians have argued, Black people freed themselves.

The day now known as Juneteenth was formally recognized as a national holiday in 2021, due in large part to the activism of retired teacher Opal Lee. She discussed the message of Juneteenth with Geoff Bennett.

For a transcript of this story, click here.

1. Who is Opal Lee?
2. What does Juneteenth commemorate?
3. Where did Union Army General Gordon Granger travel to deliver his message?
4. How did Lee campaign for Juneteenth to become a federal holiday?
5. When did President Joe Biden sign a bill to recognize Juneteenth as a federal holiday?

Why did Juneteenth became a federal holiday?

News analysis: Why do you think the NewsHour interviewed Opal Lee to discuss Juneteenth?

Alternative : See, Think, Wonder: What did you notice? What did the story make you think? What story would you want to find out more about? Where would you go to learn more?

What students can do: Activist and retired teacher Opal Lee said, "We have got too many disparities. I mean, the joblessness, the homelessness, the health care that some of us can get and that others can't, and climate change that we are responsible for. We're not free yet."

Research organizations in your town, city, state or even country that are working towards remedying racial discrimination across the country. Feel free to focus on one of the areas of discrimination that Opal Lee mentioned.

STUDENT VIDEO OF THE DAY (June 30, 2021)

This lesson was written by Fariya Farah, a rising senior at Amherst College and NewsHour Classroom’s intern, with editing by Luke Gerwe.

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