The Life and Times of Frida Kahlo . Educational Guides . Teacher's Guide . Glossary





	Abstract Expressionism (1940-1960s) a painting movement in which artists typically applied paint rapidly, and with force to their huge canvases in an effort to show feelings and emotions, painting gesturally, non-geometrically, sometimes applying paint with large brushes, sometimes dripping or even throwing it onto canvas Abstractionism the theory and practice of abstract art; artistic content that depends on internal form rather than pictorial representation anarchist an advocate of or a participant in anarchism, which is the theory or doctrine that all forms of government are oppressive and undesirable and should be abolished Art Deco (1920-1930) an art movement involving a mix of modern decorative art styles, largely of the 1920s and 1930s, whose main characteristics were derived from various avant-garde painting styles of the early twentieth century art nouveau style of decoration and architecture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, characterized particularly by the depiction of leaves and flowers in flowing, sinuous lines Ashcan School (1980-1918) a group of early twentieth-century American artists who often painted pictures of New York city life Aztecs a people of central Mexico whose civilization was at its height at the time of the Spanish conquest in the early 16th century Bauhaus (1919-1930) a very influential German school of art and design bohemian a person with artistic or literary interests who disregards conventional standards of behavior capitalism an economic system based on private ownership of capital communism a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership; a political theory favoring collectivism in a classless society Cubism (1908-1914) an artistic movement beginning in France in 1907 that featured surfaces of geometrical planes dialectical materialism the materialistic philosophy of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels El Greco Greek-born Spanish painter of religious works, characterized by elongated human figures, contrasting colors, and deep shadows Expressionism (1905-1925) an art movement dominant in Germany from 1905-1925 Fresco the art of painting on fresh, moist plaster with pigments dissolved in water; a painting executed in this way Futurism (1909-1944) a modern art movement originating among Italian artists in 1909, when Filippo Marinetti's first manifesto of futurism appeared, until the end of World War I Harlem Renaissance (1920-1930s) a literary and art movement in the uptown Manhattan neighborhood of Harlem in the mid- and late-1920s celebrating cultural traditions of African-Americans Hieronymus Bosch Dutch painter whose largely religious works are characterized by grotesque, fantastic creatures mingling with human figures leftist a person believing in or supporting tenets of the political left liberal favoring proposals for reform, open to new ideas for progress, and tolerant of the ideas and behavior of others; broad-minded Mestizo a person of mixed racial ancestry, especially of mixed European and Native American ancestry Mexican Revolution a period of instability and civil war in Mexico which began with popular rejection of dictator Porfirio Díaz in 1910 and ended with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in control of Mexico in the 1930s Modernism (1890-1940) an art movement characterized by the deliberate departure from tradition and the use of innovative forms of expression that distinguish many styles in the arts and literature of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Modigliani Italian painter and sculptor noted for the graceful elongated lines of his portraits and nudes nationalist one who is devoted to the interests or culture of a particular nation including promoting the interests of one country over those of others Oaxaca a city of southeastern Mexico; the provincial capital of the state of Oaxaca; inhabited chiefly by Indians Pop Art (1950-1960s) an art movement and style in which artists focused attention upon familiar images of the popular culture such as billboards, comic strips, magazine advertisements, and supermarket products Post Impressionism (1880-1920) an umbrella term used to describe a variety of artists who were influenced by Impressionism but took their art in different directions radical one who advocates fundamental or revolutionary changes in current practices, conditions, or institutions socialist a member of a political party or group that advocates socialism, a theory or system of social reform which contemplates a complete reconstruction of society, with a more just and equitable distribution of property and labor social realism a form of naturalistic realism focusing specifically on social problems and the hardships of everyday life Surrealism (1920-1930s) a 20th-century literary and artistic movement that attempts to express the workings of the subconscious and is characterized by fantastic imagery and incongruous juxtaposition of subject matter; Frida Kahlo's work is often linked to the surrealist style, yet she herself denied any ties.