| Ice Challenge Glossary |
Bonding - There are several types of bonding between the
water molecules. The strongest, and hence the most important, are known as
hydrogen bonds. These are forces of attraction that cause the hydrogen
atoms in the water molecules to be pulled towards the oxygen atoms of
adjacent water molecules.
Conduction - As the molecules are moving around, they keep
bumping into each other. When they collide and then rebound, any
difference in their speeds is evened out. So, if you put some hot
molecules in contact with some cold ones the hot ones will slow down and
the cold ones will speed up.
The Second Law of
Thermodynamics - Heat flows naturally from a hot body to a cooler one,
never in the opposite direction. Indeed, if the opposite were possible the
rough scientists' problems would be over and they would be able to freeze
water simply by allowing heat to flow out of it into the warm
atmosphere.
Polystyrene - A material that is poor at
transferring heat.
Destructive distillation of wood - When wood is
heated it gives off a liquid mixture of tar and pyroligneous acid. There
are small quantities of methanol and acetone in the acid.
Ethanol - Rum is about 40% ethanol. Distilling it
gives a product with a higher percentage of ethanol.
Sulfuric acid is found in car
batteries.
Ether is highly flammable and its vapor is very
explosive when mixed with air.
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