A Gypsy couple at the Belzec concentration camp.
|
January 18
First armed resistance against deportation in Warsaw Ghetto.
January 20-26
Transports from the ghetto in Theresienstadt to Auschwitz.
January 29
Germans order all Gypsies arrested and sent to concentration camps.
January 30
Ernst Kaltenbrunner becomes head of RuSHA (Race and Settlement Office).
February 2
German Sixth Army surrenders at Stalingrad—an event that marks the turning point in the war.
February 15
First "resettlements" in Bialystok Ghetto in Poland, with 1,000 Jews killed on the spot and 10,000 deported to Treblinka.
February 18
Nazis arrest "White Rose" resistance leaders in Munich.
February 27
Deportation of Jewish armament workers from Berlin to Auschwitz.
Tomas Kulka, a Jewish boy from Moravia shown here at age
three, was gassed at Sobibor with his maternal grandmother
in May 1942. He was two weeks shy of his eighth birthday.
|
Transports from Holland to Sobibor and from Prague, Vienna, Luxembourg, and Macedonia to Treblinka.
March 1
American Jews hold a mass rally at Madison Square Garden in New York to pressure the United States to aid European Jewry.
March 13
Disbandment of the ghetto in Krakow.
March 15
Deportations from Salonika and Thrace in Greece.
March 22
The first new crematorium in Auschwitz-Birkenau begins operation.
April 19
Bermuda Conference. Fruitless discussions by U.S. and British delegates on deliverance of Nazi victims.
Surrounded by heavily armed guards, SS Major General
Jürgen Stroop (center) watches housing blocks burn
during the Warsaw Ghetto uprising.
|
Revolt and destruction of the Warsaw Ghetto.
June 11
Himmler orders the liquidation of all Polish ghettos. Expanded to Soviet Union by the edict of June 21.
June 21-27
Liquidation of the ghetto in Lemberg (Lvov) (20,000 persons).
June 25
Revolt and destruction of the ghetto in Czestochowa, Poland.
July 1
Thirteenth order of the Reich's Civil Laws: Jews within Germany placed under police justice.
July 25-26
Mussolini arrested and Fascist government in Italy falls. Marshal Pietro Badoglio takes over and negotiates with Allies.
August 2
Revolts in Treblinka death camp and Krikov labor camp in the Lublin district.
August 16-23
Revolt and destruction of the ghetto in Bialystok.
September 11
Start of German raids against Jews in Nice, France.
Liquidation of the ghetto in Krakow, Poland, with
belongings of deported Jews strewn about the streets, March
1943.
|
Liquidation of ghettos in Minsk and Lida.
September 11-18
Transports of families from Theresienstadt to Auschwitz.
September 23
Liquidation of the Vilna Ghetto.
September 25
Soviet troops recapture Smolensk, Russia. Liquidation of all ghettos in Belorussia.
October 2
Germans order expulsion of Danish Jews. Due to rescue operations by the Danish underground, some 7,000 Jews evacuated to Sweden. Germans capture only 475.
October 13
Italy declares war on Germany. Due to Allied headquarters' premature announcement of Italian move by Allied headquarters, Italian Jews are trapped before they can be evacuated to North Africa.
Some of the uprisers in the Sobibor revolt, photographed in
August 1944.
|
Revolt in Sobibor.
October 18
First transport of Jews from Rome to Auschwitz.
October 20
U.N. War Crimes Commission established.
November 3
Liquidation of the Riga Ghetto. Nazis murder remaining Jews in Majdanek (17,000 victims).
November 6
Soviet troops recapture Kiev.
November 28
Conference in Teheran; Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin meet.
December 15-19
First trial of German war criminals in Charkow (Kharkov), Ukraine.
Continue: 1944
Photos: Courtesy of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives.
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