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Deadly Shadow of Vesuvius
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Classroom Activity
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Objective
To collect data and create maps to observe the relationship among
volcanoes, earthquakes and lithospheric plates.
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copy of "Where on Earth?" student handout (HTML)
- access to resources from the Internet or school library
- 3 overhead transparencies
- overhead projector
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Organize students into three groups and distribute a "Where on
Earth?" student handout to each group. Assign each team to
research and plot one of the following: 20 recent volcanoes, 20
recent earthquakes or the boundaries of Earth's major
lithospheric plates. If students are having trouble finding
information, direct them to the Web sites listed in
Resources below. If students are using books for their
research, they can plot major or famous volcanoes and
earthquakes instead of recent ones. Make sure groups use
different symbols for volcanoes and earthquakes so that they can
be distinguished on the overhead projection.
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After the groups plot their data, photocopy each of the three
maps onto an overhead transparency. First project the volcano
and earthquake maps one on top of the other. Ask students to
describe any patterns they observe. Then lay the plate
boundaries map on top of the other two maps. Ask students to
compare the locations of volcanoes and earthquakes with the
locations of the plate boundaries and describe any patterns they
observe. Finally ask students to explain the apparent
relationship between the location of the plates and the
occurrence of volcanoes and earthquakes in those regions.
Volcanoes and earthquakes are not randomly distributed around the
globe. Instead they tend to occur along limited zones or belts. With
the understanding of plate tectonics, scientists recognized that
these belts occur along plate boundaries. According to the theory of
plate tectonics, the Earth's outer shell (lithosphere) is made up of
seven large and many smaller moving plates. As the plates move,
their boundaries collide, spread apart or slide past one another,
resulting in geological processes such as earthquakes, volcanoes and
mountain making. You might want to point out that not all volcanoes
occur at plate boundaries. Some occur in the middle of plates in
areas known as "hot spots." The Hawaiian Islands are an example of
this type of volcano.
When comparing their maps, students will notice that volcanoes and
earthquakes frequently occur at plate boundaries. Students who are
familiar with the theory of plate tectonics might be able to explain
the pattern or relationship they observe. Other students can conduct
additional research to find information to help them explain their
observations.


This map shows how some of the world's volcanoes and earthquakes
occur along tectonic plate boundaries.
Articles
Parfit, Michael. "Living with Natural Hazards."
National Geographic (July 1998): 2-39.
Describes volcanoes, floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes and
wildfires from the perspective of people who cope with them. Insert
displays a distribution map of the natural hazards of North America.
Web Sites
NOVA Online—Deadly Shadow of Vesuvius
http://www.pbs.org/vesuvius/
Will include, among other features, an examination of the United
States Geological Survey (USGS) Rapid Response Team, which waits in
readiness to fly anywhere in the world at a moment's notice to
monitor potentially dangerous active volcanoes.
USGS Earthquake Information
http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/
Sponsored by the USGS, this site itemizes earthquake activity
worldwide, including date, time, location, depth and magnitude.
Volcano World: Current Volcano Activity
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/current_volcs/current.html
Includes a map and list of the world's most recent volcanic
eruptions.
The "Where on Earth" activity aligns with the following National
Science Education Standards:
Grades 5-8
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Science Standard D: Earth and Space Science
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Structure of the Earth System
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The solid earth is layered with a lithosphere; hot, convecting
mantle; and dense, metallic core.
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Lithospheric plates on the scales of continents and oceans
constantly move at rates of centimeters per year in response to
movements in the mantle. Major geological events, such as
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and mountain building, result
from these plate motions.
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Land forms are the result of a combination of constructive and
destructive forces. Constructive forces include crustal
deformation, volcanic eruption and deposition of sediment, while
destructive forces include weathering and erosion.
Earth's history
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The earth processes we see today, including erosion, movement of
lithospheric plates, and changes in atmospheric composition, are
similar to those that occurred in the past.
Grades 9-12
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Science Standard D: Earth and Space Science
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Energy in the earth system
The origin and evolution of the earth system
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Interactions among the solid earth, the oceans, the atmosphere
and organisms have resulted in the ongoing evolution of the
earth system. We can observe some changes such as earthquakes
and volcanic eruptions on a human time scale, but many processes
such as mountain building and plate movements take place over
hundreds of millions of years.
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