antithesis — The pairing of opposites within a speech, usually to suggest a choice between the two of them. Example: "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country."
communication apprehension — The fear of public speaking. Communication apprehension is one of the most common fears in the world.
delivery — The presentation of a speech. Delivery involves use of the voice and the body to create a desired effect.
enunciation — The practice of pronouncing words distinctly and precisely.
gestures — The movements of hands and arms during a speech to emphasize ideas.
onomatopoeia — The use of words that make sounds like their meanings.
Examples: "The buzz of the crowd. The crack of the whip. The roar of the lions. These are the sounds of the circus."
parallel wording —
The use of a word pattern that's easy for the audience to anticipate.
Example: "We cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow… this ground."
pitch — The placement of voice on the musical scale ranging from high to low. Like volume, pitch can be raised and lowered for emphasis.
pronunciation — The act of saying a word in a way that is generally accepted and understood.
rate — The speed at which a person speaks. The average rate of speech is about 125-150 words per minute.
rhythm — The sense of movement or pacing within a speech. A good way to create a sense of rhythm is through repetition.
style — A pattern of language and delivery that distinguishes one speech from another.
vocal variation — Changing the volume, pitch, rate, and pausing of your voice.
volume — The loudness of your voice. Changing the volume at certain points in a speech can help emphasize important ideas.
Idea Organization
cause/effect — This format identifies the causes and then determines the effects of a particular situation, or vice-versa.
chronological — The organization of ideas based on the passage of time.
topical — The organization of ideas based on topics.
