PRODUCED AND DIRECTED BY
Stanley Nelson

WRITTEN BY
Marcia Smith

NARRATED BY
Carl Lumbly

EXECUTIVE CONSULTANT
Robert Hill

EDITED BY
Lewis Erskine

ASSOCIATE PRODUCER
Gwendolyn D. Dixon

ARCHIVAL RESEARCH
Sheila Maniar

VOICE-OVER
Ron Bobb-Semple

ASSISTANT EDITOR
Aljernon Tunsil

PRINCIPAL CINEMATOGRAPHY
Robert Shepard
Arthur Jafa Fielder

ADDITIONAL CINEMATOGRAPHY
Rick Butler

SOUND
J.T. Takagi
John Bowler

ORIGINAL MUSIC COMPOSED AND ARRANGED BY
Kysia Bostic and J.J. McGeehan

MUSIC SUPERVISOR
Rena C. Kosersky

MUSIC PERFORMED BY
Carlos Baptiste, violin
Ann-Marie Bedney, viola
Robert Carlisle, French horn
Marlene Rice, violin
Nioka Workman, cello

JAMAICA CREW
Earl Brown, Electrical
Chris Browne, Assistant Camera
Alrick Burke, Transportation Captain
Pauline Cohall, Caterer
Paul Daye, Art Department PA
Quindell E. Ferguson, Costume Designer
Sue Henzell, Art Director
Lloyd Jackson, Production Assistant
Armon James, Driver
Suzanne Jobson, Casting Director
Rico Morris, Production Assistant
Yolanda Ricketts, Production Assistant
Linford "Rabbit" Roye, Grip
Maxine F. Walters, Field Producer

ASSISTANT CAMERA
Scott D. Carrithers

PHOTO ANIMATION
Nick Mavroson
Post Perfect NY

SOUND EDITOR
Margaret Crimmins

COMPUTER GRAPHICS/AFTER EFFECTS
Sabrina Schmidt Gordon
Sean R. Jones

PRODUCTION ASSISTANTS
Shayla Harris
Byron Hurt
Martha King
Sherae Rimpsey

INTERNS
Katherine Adatto
Yvonne Michele Anderson
Grace C. Ekanem
Julia O'Farrow
Trifari White
Kerrie Young

ADDITIONAL RESEARCH
Olivia Banner
Beverly Hamilton

RESEARCH ASSISTANTS
Davarian L. Baldwin
Erin Elizabeth Clune
Mary Dillard
Melina Pappademos
Adrienne M. Petty

SPECIAL THANKS TO
Tunde Adeleke
Agnes Blount
Dr. Ben James Borders
Tim Brooks
Harry Carr
Richard Crawford
E. David Cronon
Del Crooks-Jampro
Donald E. Devore
Howard Dodson
Carol Penn Erskine
Keita Omowale Erskine
David Giovannoni
Alma Golden
Althea Dixon Hall
Donald R. Hill
Anna Maria Horsford
Robin D. G. Kelley
Richard M. Lee
Mark Lynch
Janet Maniar
Neena Maniar-Miller & Family
Simeon Maynard
Michelle Mitchell
Odds Costume Rental
Caleb Ogelsby
Jasper Pennant
Daryl Scott
Tony and Jeanette Spencer
Judith Stein
Martin Summers
Ula Taylor
Donald Thompson
Theodore Vincent
Air Jamaica
The Dr. John Henrik Clarke House
Du Art Film Lab
Karpel Video
Sharon Minix, UMI
Devon House, Kingston, Jamaica
Vale Royale, Jamaica, W.I.
Jeff Remling, South Street Seaport Museum
St. Catherine District Adult Correctional Center, Spanish Town, Jamaica, W.I.
Jamaican Film Commission/Jampro, Kingston, Jamaica

PROPS COURTESY OF
Steve Solomon Antiques
George Lechler
Marjorie Parkin Antiques

HOTELS COURTESY OF
Comfort Suites, Ocho Rios
Renaissance Jamaica Grande, Ocho Rios
Terra Nova, Kingston

ARCHIVAL FOOTAGE
Archive Films
Grinberg Film Libraries, Inc.
Hot Shots/Cool Cuts, Inc.
The Image Bank
John E. Allen, Inc.
Wales Film & Television Archive

ARCHIVAL PHOTOS
A. Philip Randolph Institute
Archive Photos
Joseph Bailey
Brown Brothers
Corbis
The Gleaner Company, Ltd.
Hulton Getty/Liaison Agency
Jampress
Majority Press
The Mariners' Museum
National Archives
National Library of Jamaica
Netherlands Maritime Museum
John Rousseau
Mariamne Samad
Studio Museum of Harlem
Times of London
Warner-Mills Family
Amistad Research Center, Tulane University
Howard Greenberg Gallery, New York
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Marcus Garvey and UNIA Papers Project, UCLA
Milstein Division of US History, Local History and Genealogy, New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations
Museum of American Financial History
Museum of The City of New York
New York Daily News, L.P., reprinted and produced with permission
New York City Municipal Archives
Photographs and Prints Division, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations
James VanDerZee, (c)2000 Donna M. VanDerZee
Xavier University Archives and Special Collections

MUSIC
"Keep Oil in Your Vessels"
Traditional, arranged by Cedric Mengum
Performed by The Clouds of Heaven
Courtesy of The United House of Prayer for All People
Smithsonian/Folkways Recordings

"Coming Down with a Bunch of Roses"
Performed by children at San Juan Girls' Government School, San Juan, Trinidad
Recorded by Alan Lomax, with the assistance of Antoinette Marchand and Anna L. Chairetakes and J.D. Elder
Courtesy of the Alan Lomax Archives
Courtesy of Rounder Records by arrangement with Ocean Park Music Group

"Jane and Louisa"
Performed by two women at Lopinot, Trinidad
Recorded by Alan Lomax, with the assistance of Antoinette Marchand and Anna L. Chairetakes and J.D. Elder
Courtesy of the Alan Lomax Archives
Courtesy of Rounder Records by arrangement with Ocean Park Music Group

"Don't You Hear Po' Mother Callin?"
Words and music by Holly Dew
Collected, adapted and arranged by Alan Lomax
Published by TRO-Ludlow Music, Inc.-BMI
Performed by Hollie Dew, Bull and group with hoes
Recorded by Alan Lomax
Courtesy of Rounder Records by arrangement with Ocean Park Music Group

"Railroad Blues"
Performed by Freeman Stowers
Courtesy of Yazoo Records, a division of Shanachie Entertainment Corp.

"I Saw the Light"
Traditional, arranged by Rev. Gary Davis
Published by Chandos Music ASCAP
Courtesy of Yazoo Records, a division of Shanachie Entertainment Corp.

"Black Star Line (A West Indian Song)"
Composed by Dowell & Williams
Performed by George & Roscoe
Courtesy of Columbia Records by arrangement with Sony Music Licensing

"Boogie Woogie Dance"
Performed by Tampa Red
Courtesy of Yazoo Records, a division of Shanachie Entertainment Corp.

"It's Time to Make Change"
Composed and performed by The Madison Lively Stones
Courtesy of The United House of Prayer for All People
Smithsonian/Folkways Recordings

ACTORS
Carlos Coombs
Brittany Cooper
Webley Dickenson
Sandra Dickinson
Leah Tavares-Finson
Jason Henry
Errol Hurd
Jeffrey Johnson
Dennis Malcolm
Andrew Moody-Stuart
Teddy Price
Tiffany Rattrey
Elethia Rickham
Lancedale Richards
Linford Roye
Orville Smith

FISCAL SPONSOR
Camera News/Third World Newsreel

FOR AMERICAN EXPERIENCE

POST PRODUCTION
James E. Dunford
Rose M. Compagine

SERIES DESIGNER
Alison Kennedy

ON-LINE EDITOR
Mark Steele

SOUND MIX
John Jenkins

SERIES THEME
Mark Adler

BUSINESS MANAGER
Christine Larson

PROJECT ADMINISTRATION
Nancy Farrell
Helen R. Russell
André Jones
Rebekah Suggs

DIRECTOR, NEW MEDIA
Maria Daniels

INTERACTIVE MEDIA
Danielle Dell'Olio
Greg Shea

PUBLICITY
Daphne B. Noyes
Johanna Baker

ADDITIONAL PROMOTION
DVG Communications

COORDINATING PRODUCER
Susan Mottau

SERIES EDITOR
Sharon Grimberg

SENIOR PRODUCER
Mark Samels

EXECUTIVE PRODUCER
Margaret Drain

A Firelight/Half Nelson Productions film
for AMERICAN EXPERIENCE

(c) 2001
WGBH Educational Foundation
All rights reserved