It's fascinating, because it's the same kind of opposition, the same kind of interplay between midtown and downtown interests that you had back in the 1920s, when you had the battle of the skyscrapers between the Bank of the Manhattan Company on the one hand and the Chrysler Building on the other. When word is clear that the Port Authority is going to subsidize this enormous trade complex, which is now -- only very marginally has anything to do with the port, because in fact they're moving the port, you know. So the old rationale is crumbling.

You get a complex of interests, particularly the people who own the Empire State Building who say, wait a minute, foul ball. You're in fact using government public dollars to underwrite a massive new complex of office space. What's going to happen to the rental market? It's going to not only destroy downtown, because you're going to build far more office space than you actually need, but it's going to mess up my property up here in the Empire State Building. So they bring suits, and they try to stop it.

The other kind of opposition that takes place is from the endangered small owners in Radio Row. And they picket, and in a funny way, it's just the kind and at the same time of resistance that's taking place to Bob Moses' plans for building the Cross Bronx Expressway, up in, you know, to devastate the Bronx and also in parts of Brooklyn. And these guys go out. And they actually unkindly attack the Port Authority as sort of like Kremlin-like, it's high Cold War, remember, and that their sort of arbitrary using of undemocratic power to sort of drive 30,000 jobs out of this area. It's not nothing, you know. They lose. To make a long story short, the powers that are assembled in favor of remaking lower Manhattan triumph. And one by one, these competing uses are literally driven into the sea or pushed on elsewhere. And for a time, lower Manhattan is indeed going to be stabilized. And it's ready for when the next boom hits in the 1960s, when the real internationalization now of the American economy takes off with Chase right smack in the center of that operation, many of the visions that David had, and his assorted peers down there, are going to come true, and lower Manhattan is going to go through an efflorescence.