I think the experience of globalization, for Americans and particularly for New Yorkers, was very lopsided. They thought they could have the benefits of a globalized economy -- integration of commodity markets, capital markets, and labor markets -- and none of the costs. They thought you could globalize economics but not politics, not violence. And in a sense, that the tools of globalization -- skyscrapers, jets -- could only be used for benign purposes, like generating higher incomes through international exchange. The notion that these tools could be used for destruction in the pursuit of extreme ideological objectives, specifically anti-American, anti-global objectives, had dawned, I think, to relatively few people. Some Americans clearly had been worried about terrorism, and had been thinking seriously about how vulnerable their country was to it. But because (setting aside the Oklahoma bombing) Americans had virtually no experience of terrorism, then it came as a complete -- literally a bolt out from the blue, when it happened.