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Bender, Thomas. Towards an Urban Vision. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982.

Boyer, Paul. Urban Masses and Moral Order in America, 1820-1920. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1978.

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Holt, Marilyn. The Orphan Trains: Placing Out in America. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1992.

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Orphan Train Heritage Society of America (OTHSA). Orphan Train Riders: Their Own Stories. Vols I-IV. Baltimore, MD.: Gateway Press, Inc. 1992, 1993.

Parr, Joy. Labouring Children. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1983.

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Platt, Anthony. The Child Savers: The Invention of Delinquency. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969.

Ross, Catherine. Society's Children: The Care of Indigent Children in New York. unpub. Ph.D. thesis, Yale University, 1977.

Simpson, Eileen. Orphans Real and Imaginary. New York: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1987,

Von Hartz, John. New York Street Kids. New York: Dover, 1978.

Warren, Andrea. All Aboard the Orphan Trains (for children grades 5-10) Ticknor & Fields, 1995.

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Zelizer, Viviana. Pricing the Priceless Child. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985.