Produced by
Andrea Kalin

Written by
Lou Potter and Andrea Kalin

Narrated by
Morgan Freeman

Directed by
Andrea Kalin

Recreation Sequences Directed by
Bill Duke

Director of Photography
John Rhode

Edited by
Susan Fanshel
Barbara Burst

Original Music composed by
Joseph Vitarelli

Voice of Vivien Thomas
Courtney B. Vance

Associate Producer
Monte Achenbach

Production Manager
Karen Simon

Art Directed by
Brian McKissick

Production Designer Recreations
Tim Stamey

Music Production and Supervision
David Franco

Creative Consultants
Toni Ann Johnson
David Taylor

Consulting Producer/ Recreations Assistant Director
Skip Coblyn

Research
Astrid Kusser
James Mirabello
Mitch Eisen
Rachel Clift
Robin Coblyn
Kitty King
Leanne Clifton

Advisors
John Egerton
Don Doyle, Ph.D.
Elizabeth Fee, Ph.D.
Alan Kraut, Ph.D.
David McBride, Ph.D.
Reavis Mitchell, Ph.D.
John Parascondola, Ph.D.
Charles Reagan Wilson. Ph.D.
Joseph Reidy, Ph.D.
R. Robinson Baker, M.D.
Denton A. Cooley, M.D.
J. Alex Haller, Jr., M.D.
Richard N. Scott, M.D.
Levi Watkins, Jr. M.D.

Production Associate
James Mirabello

Sound Recordist
Haven McKinney

Assistant Camera
Nick Franco

Additional Photography
Nick Franco
Noodles (Rich) Moriarty
Dave Goulding
Denis Boni
Bob Perrin
R. A. Stringer
Marcus Smith

Videographers
Paul Young
Nicholas Blair
Chris Scianella

Still Photography
Nick Franco
David Smith

Gaffers
Mike Keelty
Tim P. Gordon
John Priebe
Jamie Bradley
Claiborne B. Lashley
Mike Purbaugh

Orchestrations and Conducting
Jorge del Barrio

Music Preparation
Kenneth Gruberman

Additional Music Production
Brad Ellis and Nicholas Viterelli

Music Editor
Allan K. Rosen

"Nashville Dance Hall"
"Coming to Baltimore"
Written and Performed by
Joe Delia

Post Production
Roland House

Sound Mixer
Brian Cunneff

Sound Effects
John Rigatuso

On-line Editor
Kevin McCarthy

Graphics and Photographic Animations
Luis G. Portillo

Narration Recorded at
Warren Wood Studios, Los Angeles

Cast
Dr. Alfred Blalock -- Beau James
Vivien Thomas -- Chris Haley
Dr. Helen Taussig -- Jane Leuders
Newreel Voice -- John Dryden

Location Grips
Casey Kaleba
Chris Mirabello
John Williams
Louis Baker
Kevin Coleman
Rodney Gray

Wardrobe & Props
Barbara York
Robin Coblyn
Christine Burton
Sylvia Davis
Jane Lueders
Karen Simon
Gail Kalin
Desiree Marie
Ana Maria Reis

Fabric for Surgeon's costumes
Darnell Fabrics, Inc.

Antique Lab Equipment
National Institutes of Health

Executive Consultant
Glenn Dixon

Production Assistants
Silvia Holmes
Wanakhavi Wahisi
Allegra Chatterjee
Carleton Overstreet
LeBarry Mosley
Rodney Gray

Interns
Garland McLaurin
Greg Morris
Xavier Green
Michael Wilson
Natasha Rainey
Leshawna Fair
Lorraine Gillette
Kevin Coleman
Louis Baker
Jared Rudenstein
Jarret Bellini
Niya Palmer

Administration Assistant
Debra Jackson

Special Thanks:
Clara Thomas
Dandy and Ann Blalock
Betty Ridgely
Koco and Karen Eaton
Marcia T. Rasberry
Ursula Dijkhoffz
Lillian Thomas
Olga T. and Harold Norris
Nena Norris
Sol Delande Eaton and Harold Eaton
Soli Clahane
Valeria Spann
Richard Trank
Walter High
Tim Lorenz
Elizabeth Norris
Etalem Gebreyesus
Natliya Tichamirov
Denise Couture
Margaret Belkov
Paige Hamilton
Adesuwa McCalla
Michael Ball
William Stoney, M.D., St. Thomas Hospital
Ann Belkov
Laine Kaufman
Jan Blackford
Shannon Graphics
Dan's Diner
Jean Queen
Charles Carpenter, M.D.
Thomas Turner, M.D.
Alfred Casper
Fred Gilliam
Raymond Lee
Sandra Stoltz
The Men and Women of the U.S. Soldier's and Airmen's Home
Howard University School of Communications
Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology
Morgan State University

Archival Sources
Nashville Public Library
The Baltimore Sun
Texas Heart Institute
AFRO-American Newspapers Archives and Research Center
Tennessee State Library and Archives
Meharry Medical College Archives
The Hearst Corporation
American Medical Association
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Look Magazine Photograph Collection
National Archives and Records Administration
National Library of Medicine
Special Collections Department, Langsdale Library, University of Baltimore
WMAR-TV News Collection, Langsdale Library, University of Baltimore
Maryland State Archives
Department of Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, UCLA
Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Library, District of Colombia
Archives Films by Getty Images
Maryland Department, Enoch Pratt Free Library
Audio-Visual Department, Enoch Pratt Free Library
Rockefeller Foundation
The Alan Mason Chesney Medical Archives of the Johns Hopkins Medical
Institutions
Thom Miller, Courtesy of The Alan Mason Chesney Medical Archives of the
Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
Sy Friedman, Courtesy of The Alan Mason Chesney Medical Archives of the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
Johns Hopkins Medical Video and Multimedia operated by Learnware International, a licensee of Johns Hopkins University
The Ferdinand Hamburger Archives of the Johns Hopkins University
Historical Collection, Eskind Biomedical Library, Vanderbilt University Medical School
Geneological Society of Henry and Clayton Counties, Inc.
Special Collections, Vanderbilt University
Cover Image Copyright 1985 by the University of Penn Press, reproduced with permission of the publisher
Cover, reproduced with permission from Modern Medicine, Vol.22, Issue 13, July 1, 1954. Modern Medicine, Copyright 2002 Advanstar Communications, Inc.
Mary C. Burnett Collection
Yousuf Karsh/Woodfin Camp
Morton Tadder/Baltimore
Francis Saxon
Sadie Overton
Mary Olch
Jean Queen
Fred Gilliam
Thelma Battle

Additional Support Provided by:
Bergman Foundation
Victoria Goldberg
The Maryland Humanities Council
The Tennessee Humanities Council
The D.C. Humanities Council
The Mississippi Humanities Council
The Jacob & Hilda Blaustein Foundation
Blake & Melissa Swensrud
Dr. Stephen & Lori Markowitz
Dr. Milton & Marilyn Kalin
Dr. Steven Rayport and Dr. Marcia Kalin
Dolores & Arnold Wolf
Peter Kovler

Project Fiscal Sponsor
The Saint Thomas Foundation

For AMERICAN EXPERIENCE

POST PRODUCTION
James E. Dunford
Rose M. Compagine
Greg Shea

SERIES DESIGNER
Alison Kennedy

ON-LINE EDITOR
Mark Steele

SOUND MIX
John Jenkins

SERIES THEME
Mark Adler

BUSINESS MANAGER
John Van Hagen

PROJECT ADMINISTRATION
Nancy Farrell
Vanessa Ruiz
Helen R. Russell
Rebekah Suggs

LEGAL
Jay Fialkov
Maureen Jordan

DIRECTOR, NEW MEDIA
Maria Daniels

PROJECT COORDINATOR, NEW MEDIA
Ravi Jain

PUBLICITY
Daphne B. Noyes
Johanna Baker

COORDINATING PRODUCER
Susan Mottau

SERIES EDITOR
Sharon Grimberg

SENIOR PRODUCER
Mark Samels

EXECUTIVE PRODUCER
Margaret Drain

A Duke Media and Spark Media Production for American Experience.