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Riddle of the Bones Source Credits
Opening animation:
12 frame grabs taken from Show 1 of NOVA: "In Search of Human Origins" (dramatization of Lucy's death)
© 1997 WGBH Educational Foundation
Lucy art rendering based on Lucy photograph
© 1985 David L. Brill
Main Digs Page & What, How, Same Species rollovers:
Adult Mandible variation - Isolated teeth
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
Heel Bone (Adult Calcaneus)
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
Lower Jaw
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
First Family Phalange
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
Proximal radii
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
Vertebra
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
Upper Jaw
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
Hadar skull *
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
Lucy
Fossil Credit: National Museum of Ethiopia
Copyright Protection notice: © 1985 by David L. Brill
Laetoli footprints *
© John Reader/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Rollovers - How Did They Move?
Heel Bone (Adult Calcaneus)
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
Heel Bone (Adult Calcaneus-2)
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
First Family Phalanges - Toe Bones
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
Enlarged detail of Lucy's upper arm bone
Fossil Credit: National Museum of Ethiopia
Copyright Protection notice: © 1985 by David L. Brill
Lucy's pelvis as reconstructed by Owen Lovejoy
Artifact Credit: Dr. Owen Lovejoy, Kent State University
Copyright Protection notice: © 1994 by David L. Brill
Laetoli footprints (Detail)
© John Reader/Photo Researchers, Inc
Rollovers - What Did They Look like?
Infant Mandible
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
Isolated teeth
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
Adult Mandible
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
Hadar skull *
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
Hadar skull (detail of lower jaw)
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
Lucy's reconstructed pelvis and human female pelvis
Artifact Credit: Dr. Owen Lovejoy, Kent State University
Copyright Protection notice: © 1994 by David L. Brill
Enlarged detail of Lucy's vertebrae
Fossil Credit: National Museum of Ethiopia
Copyright Protection notice: © 1985 by David L. Brill
Enlarged detail of Lucy's lower jaw
Fossil Credit: National Museum of Ethiopia
Copyright Protection notice: © 1985 by David L. Brill
Enlarged detail of single Laetoli footprint
© John Reader/Photo Researchers, Inc
Are They the Same Species?
Adult Mandible
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
Upper Jaw
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
Hadar skull (detail of lower jaw)
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
Enlarged detail of Lucy's lower jaw
Fossil Credit: National Museum of Ethiopia
Copyright Protection notice: © 1985 by David L. Brill
Enlarged detail of single Laetoli footprint
© John Reader/Photo Researchers, Inc
Learn More Essay: How Did They Move?
Individual Lucy in motion
Artifact Credit: Dr. Owen Lovejoy, Kent State University
Copyright Protection notice: © 1985 by David L. Brill
Lucy in motion - series of seven
Artifact Credit: Dr. Owen Lovejoy, Kent State University
Copyright Protection notice: © 1985 by David L. Brill
Learn More Essay: What Did They Look Like?
"Lucy," as filmed for NOVA: "In Search of Human Origins"
© 1997 WGBH Educational Foundation
A. afarensis walking, as filmed for NOVA: "In Search of Human Origins"
© 1997 WGBH Educational Foundation
A. afarensis skull reconstructed in the mid 1980s
Artifact Credit: National Museum of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa
Copyright Protection notice: © 1985 by David L. Brill
Original fragments used for reconstruction of A. afarensis skull
Artifact Credit: National Museum of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa
Copyright Protection notice: © 1985 by David L. Brill
Learn More Essay: Are They All the Same Species?
Map of Africa *
© 2001 WGBH Educational Foundation
Map of Africa (Detail)
© 2001 WGBH Educational Foundation
Reconstruction of an A. afarensis "couple," as filmed for NOVA: "In Search of Human Origins"
© 1997 WGBH Educational Foundation
Learn More Essay: When Did They Live?
Laetoli prints of bird tracks (re-enactment), as filmed for NOVA: "In Search of Human Origins"
© 1997 WGBH Educational Foundation
Geologists at Hadar sampling volcanic ash (detail) *
© 1997 WGBH Educational Foundation
Geologists at Hadar sampling volcanic ash
© 1997 WGBH Educational Foundation
Images used in low-bandwidth feature but not in Flash feature.
Lucy Skeleton
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
Arm Bone Detail
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
Laetoli footprint
© John Reader/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Hominids - Laetoli footprint, Laetoli, Tanzania
© John Reader/Photo Researchers, Inc.
* Image used in both low and high-bandwidth versions.
LOW BANDWIDTH VERSION
Adult Mandible variation - Isolated teeth
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
Heel Bone (Adult Calcaneus)
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
Lower Jaw
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
First Family Phalange
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
Proximal radii
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
Vertebra
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
Upper Jaw
© Institute of Human Origins
With the Permission of The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) & The Ethiopian Government
* Image used in both low and high-bandwidth versions.
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