Botulinum toxin is the most poisonous substance known. It is derived from
bacteria called Clostridium botulinum. A number of countries have
developed or are developing the toxin as a bioweapon. Experts consider it a
major threat because of its lethality and relative ease of production. However,
the well-financed Japanese cult Aum Shinrikyo tried to spray aerosols of the
toxin at least three times without success.
Botulism is the disease triggered when the toxin gets absorbed through the gut,
lungs, or an open wound. It does not penetrate skin. The toxin affects
neurotransmitters, causing permanent nerve damage, paralysis, and when
untreated, respiratory failure and death. Natural cases of botulism are rare
and typically result from contamination of home-canned foods.
Treatment
An antitoxin, available in the U.S. from the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, stops progression of the disease and can prevent onset of disease
following exposure.
Vaccine
No vaccine is available for the general public. An investigational vaccine is
available for the military and lab workers.
C. botulinum produces the potent nerve toxin that causes botulism.
