LINCOLN, Calif. (AP) — One thing Anne Smull, a retired feedstore owner, was looking forward to on Election Day was voting for the man who currently represents her in Congress, conservative Rep. Kevin Kiley. Now she can't.
That's because California Democrats sliced Kiley's district six ways as payback for Republican redistricting in Texas and elsewhere. The chunk of the district that Smull, who identifies as a conservative, lives in is now grafted onto an overwhelmingly Democratic seat based in the state's wine country.
During a recent lunch at a cafe in Lincoln, a onetime agricultural town that has morphed into a bedroom community on the edge of Sacramento's exurban sprawl, Smull was heartbroken to hear she can no longer vote for Kiley.
"He believes in the same things I do," Smull said. "It feels sneaky and underhanded."
Republicans started the redistricting competition. Democrats might finish it
Democratic voters in several other states know how Smull feels.
President Donald Trump last year told GOP-controlled states to redraw their maps before this year's midterm elections to increase the number of winnable seats for Republicans in order to help the party hold onto the U.S. House. The effort was turbocharged by a U.S. Supreme Court decision this spring that neutralized a key provision of the Voting Rights Act and cleared the way for Republicans to redraw more seats across the South that had elected Black Democrats.
Democratic-leaning and heavily minority communities from Texas to Tennessee have been split into multiple congressional districts that dilute the Democratic vote by stretching deep into conservative areas.
In the future, it is likely that more Republican voters in other states will go through what Smull and other conservatives in Northern California are facing. Democrats in Maryland, New York, Illinois and other strongholds have pledged to retaliate in time for the 2028 elections and split Republican-leaning districts the way their California counterparts did Kiley's.
Democrats have been hindered nationally by stricter rules against partisan line-drawing in their states, but California showed a way around that. California Democrats won voter approval last year to redraw the state's congressional map, originally made by an independent commission, and formed five new Democratic-leaning seats.
'We have zero voice,' says voter angry at the Democratic drive for a new political map
Kiley's is one of them. The reworked political lines led the two-term congressman to leave the Republican Party and run as an independent in the slightly Democratic-leaning district that now includes his home.
He spoke out against partisan gerrymandering, even unsuccessfully trying to force the Republican-led House to allow a vote on a bill to ban mid-decade redistricting.
"We've seen partisan divisions really spin out of control in really harmful ways, and I think exhibit number one is the redistricting wars," Kiley recently told a group of voters in the suburb of Citrus Heights.
WATCH: Group urges Congress to adopt proportional representation to end redistricting battles
Democrats contend Kiley's party switch is purely a political trick to survive in a more liberal district. They note he still caucuses with House Republicans, has voted for many of the GOP's priorities, including Trump's sweeping budget and tax cut bill last year, and that political organizations run by House Republicans are spending money to back his reelection.
Even some of Kiley's supporters think the election was a factor in the congressman's decision to become an independent.
"My original thinking was he did it because of redistricting — maybe it'd help him get reelected," said John Coburn, a 68-year-old retired business owner, at the Citrus Heights event.
Coburn is furious at the Democrats' redistricting and hopes Kiley wins. Coburn does not care that they did it in retaliation for Texas, where Republicans at Trump's directive revised that state's map to carve out up to five new winnable conservative seats.
"I don't care about Texas, I live in California," Coburn said, adding that "40% of the state is Republican, and we have zero voice. Zero. It's not how our Founding Fathers intended."
For Democrats in the district, a rare political opportunity
In an interview, Kiley said his switch to independent was no political gambit. If he wanted to stay in the House, he argued, he could have had an easier time staying in the GOP, moving to a more conservative district that included parts of his old one and running in a Republican primary there.
"I could have gone there and run and played the same game these other politicians are playing," he said.
Kiley said he is caucusing with Republicans to avoid losing his seats on committees and that in the next Congress he will try to change rules so independent members do not lose committee seats because they do not caucus with one of the two major parties.
Among his backers, he noted, is onetime Democratic presidential hopeful Andrew Yang, a former technology entrepreneur who co-founded a centrist party for independents.
The Democrat running against Kiley, former state Sen. Richard Pan, scoffs at his rival's newfound independent status.
"He was a MAGA champion when he first ran for Congress, and now he's trying to say 'I'm not,'" Pan told a crowd at a senior community in Roseville, referring to Trump's "Make America Great Again" movement.
Earlier that day, Pan swung by the Placer County Democratic Party office, tucked away on the second story of a brick shopping arcade in Lincoln's compact downtown.
Placer is a Republican county that stretches from the Sacramento suburbs to the northwestern shores of Lake Tahoe. The entire county is in Kiley's current district, but it will be divided among three districts in the new map.
Kathleen Crawford, chair of the county Democratic Party, was enthusiastic about the county getting carved up.
"It's worth it, because we have an opportunity to get Democratic representation, which has been missing from our county," Crawford said. "I've been here 15 years, and this is my first real opportunity to elect a Democrat."
A never-ending cycle that cuts out 'the little people'
Lincoln's downtown is flanked by fruit, vegetable and flower farms, as well as new subdivisions. The community and its neighboring suburbs have become a destination for people fleeing the San Francisco Bay Area's housing prices. That has helped change the once solidly conservative area into a political battleground where skilled mapmakers can draw winnable seats for Democrats.
Ed Church, a 61-year-old risk manager, was eating lunch at Simple Pleasures cafe in Lincoln when he contemplated Kiley's shift. A Democrat, Church has not been a Kiley fan and he was bemused by the congressman's move.
WATCH: Tennessee secretary of state on redistricting, election security and low voter turnout
"If that's how he'd been initially and not so MAGA, I probably could have supported him," Church said of Kiley's independent status. Now Church, as a Lincoln resident, is in a purely Democratic district and will not have a say in Kiley's fate in November. His main criteria in the election will be "who's going to stand up to Trump?"
Across the street at a gun store, Wesley Johnson, 43, who considers himself a conservative independent, said he was dispirited by the state's redistricting.
"I feel Northern California is not represented fairly," Johnson said. "San Francisco, Sacramento and Los Angeles control everything."
He acknowledged Republicans were doing the same thing in states they controlled and said he did not know how it could stop.
"You're just cutting out the little people," Johnson said.