FRONTLINE is made possible by contributions to your PBS station from viewers like you. Thank you. And by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
Additional support is provided by the Abrams Foundation, committed to excellence in journalism; Park Foundation, dedicated to heightening public awareness of critical issues; the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. More at macfound.org; the Heising-Simons Foundation, unlocking knowledge, opportunity and possibilities. At HSFoundation.org.
And by the FRONTLINE Journalism Fund, with major support from Jon and Jo Ann Hagler
and additional support from Suzanne and Mark Colodny and Laura DeBonis.
FILMED, WRITTEN AND DIRECTED BY
Mstyslav Chernov
STILL PHOTOGRAPHER
Evgeniy Maloletka
FIELD PRODUCER
Vasilisa Stepanenko
EDITED BY
Michelle Mizner
PRODUCED BY
Mstyslav Chernov
Michelle Mizner
Raney Aronson-Rath
Derl McCrudden
ORIGINAL MUSIC
Jordan Dykstra (BMI)
ARCHIVAL PRODUCER
Lindsey Schneider
ADDITIONAL EDITING
Snezhana Potapchuk
MUSIC CONSULTANT
Brian McOmber
HEAD OF POST PRODUCTION
Megan McGough Christian
ONLINE EDITOR/COLORIST
Jim Ferguson
RE-RECORDING MIXER SOUND MIX
Jim Sullivan
ASSISTANT EDITORS
Christine Giordano
Alex LaGore
Tim Meagher
TRANSLATORS
Dariya Bakshinska
Darya Dauhalionak
Tetyana Denford
Maria Kuchapski
Dana Kurylyk
GRAPHICS
Dan Nolan
Marshall Ritzel
POST PRODUCTION FACILITIES
OutPost at GBH
FOR OUTPOST AT GBH
SENIOR DIRECTOR OF PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Tim Mangini
POST PRODUCTION EDITORS
Deb Holland
Joey Mullin
Brenna Verre
POST PRODUCTION ASSISTANT
Stevie Jones
PUBLICITY & MARKETING
David Magdael & Associates
Cinetic Media
Larsen Associates
ARCHIVAL MATERIALS
Evgeniy Opanasenko
DW News
Getty Images
Maxar Images
Pond5
Reuters via Pond5
Sky News
Tygran Amalian
Anatoliy Buriachenko
ADDITIONAL MATERIALS
@AyBurlachenko
@d_evileyes
7NEWS Australia
ABC News Australia
ABC News
Al Jazeera
ATR
Azov Battalion
CBC News
CBS News
CityNoticias va El Tiempo
CNBC
CNN
Donbas Frontliner
Donetsk Regional Police
DW News
Evgeny Opanasenko
Fox News
France24
Fuji News Network
Iran International
ITV News
Kharkiv City Council
MSNBC
NBC News
Noticiero Univision
Office of the President of Ukraine
PBS NewsHour
Radio Svoboda
President of the Russian Federation
RTE News
Russian Ministry of Defense
Russian Ministry of Defense via HTC News
Security Services of Ukraine
State Emergency Service of Ukraine
TVC
UNTV
Vesti / VGTRK
WELT Netzreporter
WHAS11
WION
FOR THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
“20 DAYS IN MARIUPOL” TEXT AND MULTIMEDIA STORY
Mstyslav Chernov
Lori Hinnant
Mary Rajkumar
Alyssa Goodman
VICE PRESIDENT OF CORPORATE COMMUNICATIONS
Lauren Easton
VICE PRESIDENT, CUSTOMER REVENUE
Drew Stoneman
DIRECTOR, BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
Cliff Decatrel
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL
Karen Kaiser
ASSISTANT GENERAL COUNSEL
Louis Sarok
Brian Barrett
USER GENERATED CONTENT AND VERIFICATION
Nadia Ahmed
EDITORIAL COORDINATORS IN UKRAINE
Andrew Drake
Nebi Qena
AP EDITORIAL AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT
NEWS DIRECTOR, RUSSIA and CIS
Harriet Morris
DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF PHOTOGRAPHY
Tony Hicks
NEWS DIRECTOR, EUROPE and AFRICA
James Jordan
DIRECTOR OF PHOTOGRAPHY
J. David Ake
VICE PRESIDENT OF NEWS
Ian Phillips
VICE PRESIDENT AND HEAD OF GLOBAL NEWSGATHERING
Paul Haven
VICE PRESIDENT AND HEAD OF GLOBAL PRODUCTION
Derl McCrudden
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT AND EXECUTIVE EDITOR
Julie Pace
SPECIAL THANKS
John Seidler
Cary Joji Fukunaga
Felipe Dana
Bram Janssen
Balint Szlanko
Zurab Alsania
Klementy Shchetynsky
Leon Villents
To the entire team at The Associated Press who cover the news and support that work every day.
FOR FRONTLINE
BUSINESS MANAGER
Sue Tufts
BUSINESS DIRECTOR
Mary Sullivan
ARCHIVES & RIGHTS MANAGER
John Campopiano
BUSINESS ASSOCIATE
Sean Gigliotti
DIGITAL PRODUCER/EDITOR
Tessa Maguire
SENIOR DEVELOPER
Anthony DeLorenzo
FRONTLINE/NEWMARK JOURNALISM SCHOOL AT CUNY FELLOWSHIP
TOW JOURNALISM FELLOW
Bruce Gil
MANAGER, PUBLIC RELATIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS
Anne Husted
POST COORDINATING PRODUCER
Robin Parmelee
DIRECTOR OF IMPACT & EXTERNAL RELATIONS
Erika Howard
FOR GBH LEGAL
Jay Fialkov
SENIOR CONTRACTS MANAGER
Gianna DeGiulio
EDITORIAL COORDINATING PRODUCER
Katherine Griwert
SPECIAL COUNSEL
Dale Cohen
DIRECTOR OF AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT
Maria Diokno
SENIOR EDITOR
Lauren Prestileo
MANAGING DIRECTOR
Janice Hui
MANAGING EDITOR
Andrew Metz
EXECUTIVE PRODUCER AND EDITOR IN CHIEF
Raney Aronson-Rath
A FRONTLINE and The Associated Press production
© 2023 The Associated Press and WGBH Educational Foundation
All rights reserved.
FRONTLINE is a production of GBH which is solely responsible for its content.
PROGRAM CREDITS
FOR FRONTLINE
EDITOR & POST PRODUCTION COORDINATOR
Tim Meagher
SENIOR EDITOR
Barry Clegg
EDITOR
Brenna Verre
EDITORS
Christine Giordano
Alex LaGore
Joey Mullin
PRODUCTION ASSISTANT
Stevie Jones
FOR GBH OUTPOST
EDITOR
Deb Holland
SENIOR DIRECTOR OF PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Tim Mangini
SERIES MUSIC
Mason Daring
Martin Brody
EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT
Ellen O’Neill
OPERATIONS SPECIALIST
Will Farrell
DIRECTOR OF IMPACT AND EXTERNAL RELATIONS
Erika Howard
SENIOR DIGITAL WRITER
Patrice Taddonio
PUBLICITY & AUDIENCE ENGAGEMENT COORDINATOR
Julia Heffernan
DIGITAL PRODUCER / EDITOR
Tessa Maguire
MANAGER, PUBLIC RELATIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS
Anne Husted
PODCAST PRODUCER
Emily Pisacreta
ARCHIVES & RIGHTS MANAGER
John Campopiano
BUSINESS ASSOCIATE
Sean Gigliotti
FOR GBH LEGAL
Eric Brass
Suzy Carrington
Jay Fialkov
SENIOR CONTRACTS MANAGER
Gianna DeGiulio
BUSINESS MANAGER
Sue Tufts
BUSINESS DIRECTOR
Mary Sullivan
SENIOR DEVELOPER
Anthony DeLorenzo
LEAD DESIGNER FOR DIGITAL
Dan Nolan
FRONTLINE/COLUMBIA JOURNALISM SCHOOL FELLOWSHIPS
TOW JOURNALISM FELLOW
Kaela Malig
GOGGIN JOURNALISM FELLOW
Inci Sayki
FRONTLINE/NEWMARK JOURNALISM SCHOOL AT CUNY FELLOWSHIP
TOW JOURNALISM FELLOW
James O’Donnell
FRONTLINE/MISSOURI SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM FELLOWSHIP
MURRAY JOURNALISM FELLOW
Kelsey Rightnowar
FRONTLINE/FIRELIGHT INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM FELLOWS
Kevin Shaw
Débora Souza Silva
ARCHIVAL PRODUCER
Coral C. Salomón Bartolomei
EDITORIAL CONSULTANTS
Lauren Prestileo
Callie T. Wiser
SENIOR DIGITAL PRODUCER / EDITOR
Miles Alvord
SENIOR DOCUMENTARY EDITOR & PRODUCER
Michelle Mizner
DIGITAL EDITOR
Priyanka Boghani
STORY EDITOR & COORDINATING PRODUCER
Katherine Griwert
POST COORDINATING PRODUCER
Robin Parmelee
SENIOR EDITOR AT LARGE
Louis Wiley Jr.
FOUNDER
David Fanning
SPECIAL COUNSEL
Dale Cohen
DIRECTOR OF AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT
Maria Diokno
SENIOR PRODUCERS
Dan Edge
Frank Koughan
SENIOR EDITOR & DIRECTOR,
LOCAL JOURNALISM
Erin Texeira
SENIOR EDITOR
INVESTIGATIONS
Lauren Ezell Kinlaw
SENIOR SERIES PRODUCER
Nina Chaudry
MANAGING DIRECTOR
Janice Hui
MANAGING EDITOR
Andrew Metz
EXECUTIVE PRODUCER & EDITOR IN CHIEF
Raney Aronson-Rath
FRONTLINE is a production of GBH, which is solely responsible for its content.
ORIGINAL PRODUCTION FUNDING PROVIDED BY
CPB, Abrams Foundation, Park Foundation, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Heising-Simons Foundation, FRONTLINE Journalism Fund with major support from Jon and Jo Ann Hagler through the Jon L. Hagler Foundation and additional support from Laura DeBonis and Suzanne and Mark Colodny