WRITTEN AND DIRECTED BY
Marcela Gaviria & Martin Smith
PRODUCED BY
Brian Funck
Marcela Gaviria
Martin Smith
CORRESPONDENT
Martin Smith
EDITED BY
Brian Funck
CO-PRODUCERS
Scott Anger
Elizabeth Hope Williams
CONSULTANT
Orville Schell
ASSOCIATE PRODUCER
Josephine Bradlee
CONSULTING PRODUCER
He Liu
ARCHIVAL RESEARCH
Scott Anger
Josephine Bradlee
Lily Wang
Elizabeth Hope Williams
RESEARCH
Nicole Garay
LINE PRODUCER
Amy Carter
DIRECTORS OF PHOTOGRAPHY
Scott Anger
Timothy Grucza
ASSISTANT EDITOR
Scott Anger
ONLINE EDITOR/COLORIST
Jim Ferguson
SOUNDMIX
Jim Sullivan
ORIGINAL MUSIC
François-Paul Aïche
ADDDITIONAL MUSIC
Courtesy of Universal Production Music / US
TRANSLATION
Lily Wang
Susie Wu
Aorui Pi
Ivy Yang
ADDITIONAL TRANSLATION
Jingnan Peng
GRAPHICS
Alisa Placas Frutman
ASSISTANT CAMERA
Sasha Schell
Alaric Campbell
Andrew De Natale
Andy Kuester
ARCHIVAL MATERIAL
ABC Videosource
Australian Broadcasting Corporation
Adobe Stock
Agence France-Presse
Alamy
aroundFortWayne.com
The Associated Press
Armed Forces of the Philippines
Axiom
BBC
Biosmotion
British Pathe
CBS
CNN
Contemporary Films
CSPAN
Eva Rammeloo
Licensed by Warner Bros. Discovery
Battle For Hong Kong and China Undercover courtesy of Entertainment One UK Limited
Getty Images
Hardcash Productions
iStock
ITN
Kino Library
Kurator
Richard Gordon, Long Bow Group Inc.
Richter Frank-Jurgen
Sara Mitchell, Archivist, Jimmy Carter Presidential Library
Maya Vision
The National Archives and Records Administration
NBC
Net-Film Archive
Ryan Pettigrew, Archivist, The Richard Nixon Presidential Library
PBS Newshour
Philippines Coast Guard
Periscope Films
Pond5
Screenocean
Shutterstock
World Economic Forum
Wright’s Media
Pascal G./Agence VU/Redux
Gilles Sabrie/The New York Times/Redux
Doug Mills/The New York Times/Redux
Kenneth Tsang/The New York Times/Redux
Bridgeman
Contact Press Images
David Shambaugh
William Atkins/The George Washington University
Ian Johnson
James Wasserman
Joey Siu
Lingling Wei
Magnum Photos
Matthew Pottinger
Orville Schell
Reuters
South China Morning Post
Joseph Torigian
Zhou Fengsuo
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL
Arirang TV
Boston Globe
Chey Institute for Advanced Studies
CNBC/Time
Daily Express
Daily Mirror
Foreign Policy
Fox 10
Hu Fayun
International Olympic Committee
The Baltimore Sun
The Courier Journal
Tsering Dorje
Uyghur Human Rights Project
Newsweek
NTD Television
War on Fear
VICE
Vivian Wu
Vox
ORIGINAL PRODUCTION FUNDING PROVIDED BY
CPB, Abrams Foundation, Park Foundation, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Heising-Simons Foundation, FRONTLINE Journalism Fund with major support from Jon and Jo Ann Hagler through the Jon L. Hagler Foundation and additional support from Koo and Patricia Yuen.
FOR FRONTLINE
POST PRODUCTION MANAGER
Tim Meagher
SENIOR EDITOR
Barry Clegg
EDITOR
Brenna Verre
EDITORS
Christine Giordano
Joey Mullin
PA / ASSISTANT EDITOR
Julia McCarthy
ASSISTANT EDITORS
Afsara Alvee
Thomas Crosby
FOR GBH OUTPOST
SENIOR POST PRODUCTION MANAGER
Beth Godlin Lillis
SENIOR DIRECTOR OF PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Tim Mangini
INTERNS
Kate Armanini
Micah Barkley
Joelle DiPaolo
Nicholas Doyle
Punnya Kalapurakkel
Sophie Szydlik
SERIES MUSIC
Mason Daring
Martin Brody
EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT
Ellen O’Neill
DIRECTOR OF IMPACT AND EXTERNAL RELATIONS
Erika Howard
SENIOR DIGITAL WRITER
Patrice Taddonio
PUBLICITY & AUDIENCE ENGAGEMENT COORDINATOR
Julia Heffernan
ASSISTANT DIGITAL EDITOR
Ambika Kandasamy
ASSOCIATE DIGITAL EDITOR
Mackenzie Wright
DIGITAL PRODUCER / EDITOR
Tessa Maguire
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF PUBLICITY, COMMUNICATIONS & AWARDS
Anne Husted
PODCAST PRODUCER
Emily Pisacreta
ARCHIVES & RIGHTS MANAGER
John Campopiano
SENIOR BUSINESS ASSOCIATE
Sean Gigliotti
FOR GBH LEGAL
Eric Brass
Suzy Carrington
Jay Fialkov
SENIOR CONTRACTS MANAGER
Gianna DeGiulio
SENIOR BUSINESS MANAGER
Sue Tufts
BUSINESS DIRECTOR
Mary Sullivan
SENIOR DEVELOPER
Anthony DeLorenzo
LEAD, DIGITAL DESIGN & INTERACTIVE
Dan Nolan
FRONTLINE/COLUMBIA JOURNALISM SCHOOL FELLOWSHIP
TOW JOURNALISM FELLOW
Refael Kubersky
FRONTLINE/NEWMARK JOURNALISM SCHOOL AT CUNY FELLOWSHIP
TOW JOURNALISM FELLOW
Max Maldonado
FRONTLINE/MISSOURI SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM FELLOWSHIP
MURRAY JOURNALISM FELLOW
Kristina Abovyan
EDITORIAL CONSULTANT
Amy Rubin
EDITORIAL RESEARCH
Kelsey Rightnowar
Inci Sayki
ARCHIVAL PRODUCER
Coral C. Salomón Bartolomei
SENIOR DIGITAL PRODUCER / EDITOR
Miles Alvord
SENIOR DOCUMENTARY EDITOR & PRODUCER
Michelle Mizner
DIGITAL EDITOR
Priyanka Boghani
STORY EDITOR & COORDINATING PRODUCER
Katherine Griwert
POST COORDINATING PRODUCER
Robin Parmelee
SENIOR EDITOR AT LARGE
Louis Wiley Jr.
FOUNDER
David Fanning
SPECIAL COUNSEL
Dale Cohen
DIRECTOR OF AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT
Maria Diokno
SENIOR PRODUCERS
Dan Edge
Frank Koughan
SENIOR EDITOR & DIRECTOR,
LOCAL JOURNALISM
Erin Texeira
SENIOR EDITOR,
INVESTIGATIONS
Lauren Ezell Kinlaw
MANAGING DIRECTOR
Brian Eule
MANAGING EDITOR
Andrew Metz
EXECUTIVE PRODUCER & EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Raney Aronson-Rath
A FRONTLINE Production with RAINmedia
© 2024
WGBH Educational Foundation
All Rights Reserved
FRONTLINE is a production of GBH which is solely responsible for its content.