Copenhagen . Resources

The Play

A Historical Perspective on "Copenhagen" by Dr. David C. Cassidy, Hofstra University:
http://web.gc.cuny.edu/ashp/nml/copenhagen/Cassidy.htm

London Theater Reviews of Copenhagen:
http://www.albemarle-london.com/copenhagend.html

Biography and other works by Michael Frayn:
http://www.colonize.com/p/a.php?a=n001001182

Copenhagen In New York by Harry Lustig and Brian B. Schwartz
http://web.gc.cuny.edu/ashp/nml/copenhagen/Lustig_Schwartz.htm

Bohr and Heisenberg

Niels Bohr Archive - the official site for Niels Bohr, contains Bohr's scientific papers and private correspondence: http://www.nbi.dk/NBA/webpage.html

American Institute of Physics Exhibit - Heisenberg and Uncertainty
http://www.aip.org/history/heisenberg

Biography on Niels Bohr - University of St. Andrew, Scotland
http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bohr_Niels.html

Biography on Werner Heisenberg - University of St. Andrew, Scotland
http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Heisenberg.html

Werner Heisenberg and Albert Einstein by Gerald Holton, Jefferson Physical Laboratory, Harvard University
http://web.gc.cuny.edu/ashp/nml/copenhagen/Holton.doc

The Science

Quantum Mechanics and the Copenhagen Interpretation by Eugen Merzbacher, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill:
http://web.gc.cuny.edu/ashp/nml/copenhagen/Merzbacher.htm

American Institute of Physics Exhibit - J.J. Thomson and the discovery of the electron:
http://www.aip.org/history/electron/jjhome.htm

Rudiments of Quantum Theory - easy to understand explanation of quantum physics:
http://www.chembio.uoguelph.ca/educmat/chm386/rudiment/rudiment.htm

The ChemTeam website - "The Thomson Model of the Atom" and other related topics
http://www.chembio.uoguelph.ca/educmat/chm386/rudiment/rudiment.htm

American Institute of Physics - Albert Einstein, The Great Works
http://www.aip.org/history/einstein/great1.htm

Index to Biographies of scientists - University of St. Andrew, Scotland
http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/BiogIndex.html

What is Quantum Mechanics? - Think Quest library of websites on science topics
http://library.thinkquest.org/3487/qp.html

Quantum Mechanics and the Copenhagen Interpretation by Eugen Merzbacher, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill:
http://web.gc.cuny.edu/ashp/nml/copenhagen/Merzbacher.htm

The Atomic Bomb

National Science Foundation's Science Digital Library - this site explores the complex history surrounding the invention of the atomic bomb:
http://www.atomicarchive.com/

Los Alamos National Laboratory - history of the laboratory and its part in the Manhattan Project:
http://www.lanl.gov/worldview/welcome/history.shtml

The Manhattan Project - The National Atomic Museum:
http://www.atomicmuseum.com/tour/manhattanproject.cfm

Atomic Bomb Decision - documents related to the decision to use atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.:
http://www.dannen.com/decision/index.html

National Defense Council website - The Internet and the Bomb: A Research Guide to Policy and Information about Nuclear Weapons
http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/nuguide/guinx.asp

Further Reading

Michael Frayn: Copenhagen (Anchor Books, New York, 2000)

Thomas Powers: Heisenberg's War (Knopf 1993; Cape 1993)

Cassidy, D.: Uncertainty: The Life and Science of Werner Heisenberg. (New York: W.H. Freeman, 1992)

Abraham Pais: Niels Bohr's Times: In Physics, Philosophy, and Polity. (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1991)

Jeremy Bernstein: Hitler's Uranium Club, the Secret Recordings at Farm Hall, introduced by David Cassidy (American Institute of Physics, Woodbury, New York 1996)

Heisenberg: Physics and Philosophy (Penguin 1958)

Niels Bohr: The Philosophical Writings of Niels Bohr (Oxbow Press, Connecticut 1987)

Richard Rhodes: The Making of the Atomic Bomb ( Simon & Schuster Inc, New York 1986)

Max Jammer: The Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1974)

Mark Walker: German National Socialism and the Quest for Nuclear Power 1939-1949 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989)

Mark Walker: Nazi Science: Myth, Truth, and the German Atomic Bomb (New York: Plenum Publishers, 1995)